Emhlabeni we-Gnu / Linux, isihloko esivame kakhulu ukuhlola ukusatshalaliswa okuhlukahlukene. Umsebenzi osewubonge kakhulu ngegciwane emishinini ebonakalayo kanye nesoftware yokwenza izinto. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi le mishini isivumela ukuthi sifake izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ngendlela esifuna ngayo ngaphandle kokusula ikhompyutha yethu noma senze ukwahlukanisa kwi-hard drive yethu.
Okulandelayo, sizoxoxa nge- VirtualBox, isofthiwe yokwenza izinto zibe ngokoqobo, indlela yokuthola nokufaka le software, kanye nendlela yokwakha umshini obonakalayo.
Kuyini i-VirtualBox?
Ukwenziwa kwe-Virtualization noma ukulingisa amapulatifomu athile kuyinto engafinyelelwa kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza, okuhlanganisa nokusatshalaliswa kwe-GNU/Linux. Singase sifune ukulingisa uhlelo olulodwa, lapho singasebenzisa khona i-Wine , noma singakhetha ukulingisa noma ukwenza i-Virtualization yonke uhlelo lokusebenza.
Lokhu kungafezwa uma nje uhlelo lokusebenza esifuna ukulusebenzisa lusebenzisa izinsiza ezimbalwa kunehadiwe yethu . Leli yiphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu okufanele licatshangelwe, njengoba ukuzama ukulusebenzisa into enamandla kakhulu kunehadiwe noma ikhompyutha yethu kungenza umshini ungasebenzi nhlobo, okubangela ukuba ungasabeli isikhathi esithile noma umise umsebenzi wesofthiwe ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha. Lokhu kulusebenzisa kuvame ukwenziwa ezitsheni ezibizwa ngokuthi imishini ebonakalayo . Lokhu kuvame ukulawulwa yisofthiwe yokwenza izinto.
Enye yama-softwares anamandla kakhulu okwenza izinhlelo zokusebenza ihambisane nenkampani ye-VMWare, kodwa ngenhlanhla kukhona isoftware yomthombo omuhle, enamandla futhi evulekile esingayifaka kunoma yikuphi ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Gnu / Linux. Le software ibizwa ngeVirtualBox.
Uhlelo lwe-VirtualBox luwumthombo ovulekile futhi luyi-cross-platform , ngakho-ke singakha imishini ebonakalayo ku-Windows bese siyihambisa kukhompyutha yethu ye-Linux ukuze siyisebenzise.
I-VirtualBox ingenye yezinhlelo ezimbalwa zokwenza i-virtualization esivumela ukuthi sakhe i-hard disk ebonakalayo ezingxenyeni ezithile, okungukuthi, iyayandisa noma iyisebenzise kuye ngokuthi siyisebenzisa kanjani. Esinye isici seVirtualBox ukwakhiwa kwemishini ebonakalayo ngendlela yenoveli esisiza ukuyihambisa kube sengathi yimibhalo yombhalo noma izithombe ezivela kwikhamera.
Enye inzuzo ye -VirtualBox ukuthi lolu hlelo lusekela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidumile nezidumile ezikhona njengamanje, hhayi nje kuphela ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Gnu/Linux okuhlukahlukene kodwa futhi nezinguqulo ze-Windows, macOS, Solaris kanye ne-BSD.
Lokhu kwamuva kuyathakazelisa ngoba kunenguqulo yamaseva azosivumela ukuthi sakhe imishini eminingana futhi siyiphathe yonke kusuka kuseva eyodwa, okuholela ekubeni nemishini eminingi ebonakalayo kodwa kube nekhompyutha eyodwa kuphela.
Ungayithola kanjani i-VirtualBox?
Njengakwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-GNU/Linux, kunezindlela ezintathu zokuthola i-VirtualBox . Indlela yokuqala iwukusebenzisa izindawo zokugcina ezisemthethweni zokusabalalisa. Lokhu kunikeza inguqulo eqinile nesebenzayo ye-VirtualBox, kodwa hhayi inguqulo yakamuva, ngakho-ke ngeke ifake izici zakamuva. I-VirtualBox okwamanje iyatholakala ezindaweni zokugcina eziningi zokusabalalisa okukhulu kwe-GNU/Linux.
Enye inketho ukuthola iphakheji yokufaka ngewebhusayithi esemthethweni yohlelo . Le nketho isivumela ukuthi sibe nenguqulo yakamuva ye-VirtualBox, kodwa futhi kuyiqiniso ukuthi ayikahlolwa ngokusatshalaliswa kwayo futhi ingaphazamisa ukusebenza kwayo noma ingasebenzi kahle nhlobo ngenxa yemitapo yolwazi engekho.
Indlela yesithathu yokuthola i-VirtualBox iwukusebenzisa ikhodi yomthombo . Le nqubo ayiyona inkinga kakhulu, kodwa idinga ulwazi oluthuthukisiwe ukuze kuhlanganiswe ikhodi futhi kudale iphakheji yokufaka. Akukhuthazwa uma ufuna ukufaka i-VirtualBox kukhompyutha yakho ngokushesha.
Ungayifaka kanjani i-VirtualBox?
Ukufaka i-VirtualBox kulula kakhulu. Uma sisebenzisa indawo yokugcina esemthethweni, singasesha uhlelo lomshini obonakalayo kumphathi wesofthiwe osemthethweni noma sivule i-terminal bese sisebenzisa ikhodi elandelayo:
sudo apt-get install virtualbox
Uma sine -Ubuntu, i-Debian, noma yikuphi ukusatshalaliswa okususelwa kulezi zinhlelo , noma uma sine -Arch Linux noma yikuphi ukusatshalaliswa okususelwa kuzo, kumele sisebenzise ikhodi elandelayo:
sudo pacman -S virtualbox
Uma singenazo noma yiziphi zalezo zabelo, kodwa esikhundleni salokho sineFedora , iRed Hat, noma ukusatshalaliswa okusekelwe kwenye yalezi zabelo , khona-ke kumelwe sisebenzise ikhodi elandelayo:
sudo dnf install virtualbox
Uma sine -SUSE Linux, i-OpenSUSE noma yikuphi ukusatshalaliswa okusekelwe kulezi , khona-ke kumelwe sisebenzise ikhodi elandelayo:
sudo zypper install virtualbox
Ukusebenzisa noma yimiphi yale miyalo kuzofaka uhlelo lomshini obonakalayo kanye nazo zonke izinto ezidingekayo. Uma ukhetha ukufaka kusuka kuphakheji etholwe kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni , khona-ke kufanele usebenzise umyalo olandelayo:
sudo dpkg -i NOMBRE-DEL-PAQUETE.deb
Noma siqhuba okulandelayo uma iphakheji ikwifomethi ye-rpm :
sudo rpm -i NOMBRE-DEL-PAQUETE.rpm
Ukucushwa kwe-VirtualBox
Ukucushwa kwe-VirtualBox kulula kakhulu, okufanayo akunjalo ngokucushwa komshini obonakalayo. Lapho nje sine-VirtualBox efakiwe, siyayisebenzisa bese kuvela iwindi elifana nale:
Uma usuvele unomshini obonakalayo ovela kokunye ukufakwa, uzovela kukholomu yesobunxele ngaphansi kwezinkinobho ezithi Okusha kanye nethi Izilungiselelo . Ngokuvamile, awudingi ukwenza izinguquko eziningi, kodwa uma ufuna ukuthi usebenze kahle , iya ku-File bese kuba yi-Preferences . Ku-Preferences, uzobona iwindi elifana nalokhu okulandelayo:
Kuyo, sithola izici eziningana ezivamile imishini yethu ebonakalayo ezoba nazo, okuhlanganisa izindlela zokufaka, ngokuvamile igundane nekhibhodi; usayizi wesikrini ojwayelekile kanye nesisombululo; ulimi lohlelo lokusebenza; uxhumano lwenethiwekhi lwemishini ebonakalayo; izandiso ezingaba khona esingazifaka; nokuthi ngabe sifuna yini ukumisa i-proxy. Mina ngokwami, okuwukuphela kwento engivame ukuyishintsha yithebhu ethi Okujwayelekile, ikakhulukazi indawo ku-hard drive yami lapho imishini ebonakalayo edaliwe izogcinwa khona.
Kokubili amamenyu omshini kanye neqembu anikeza izenzo ezahlukahlukene ezihlobene nemishini ebonakalayo : kusukela ekudaleni umshini omusha obonakalayo kuya ekuwuhambiseni nasekuwuhlanganiseni. Kunezinqamuleli zalezi zenzo, kodwa ukwenza i-cloning akutholakali; kutholakala kuphela kumenyu yomshini futhi kusetshenziselwa ukwenza i-cloning imishini ebonakalayo—isici esiwusizo kakhulu, ungakholwa noma ungakholwa.
Ungawakha kanjani umshini obonakalayo nge-Virtualbox
Ukuba nombono wokuthi i-VirtualBox isebenza kanjani, ake sibone uwakha kanjani umshini obonakalayo wokufaka ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Gnu / Linux. Okokuqala kufanele sivule uhlelo bese sicindezela inkinobho entsha. Kuzovela iwindi elifana nokulandelayo:
Kufanele sengeze igama lomshini obonakalayo, kungcono ukuyibiza ngohlelo lokusebenza. Bese ukhetha uhlobo lohlelo lokusebenza esizolufaka, kulokhu kuzoba yiLinux bese ukhetha ukusatshalaliswa esizokufaka, kulokhu Ubuntu. Sicindezela ngokulandelayo bese kuvela isikrini sememori yenqama.
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu: UNGALOKOTHI wengeze ngaphezu kwengxenye ye-RAM yakho etholakalayo . Okusho ukuthi, uma une-4 GB, ungalokothi wengeze ngaphezu kwe-2 GB emshinini obonakalayo; uma une-2 GB, ungalokothi wengeze ngaphezu kwe-1 GB . Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba uma ungalandeli lo mthetho, umshini obonakalayo noma ikhompyutha yakho ngeke isebenze kahle.
Chofoza okulandelayo bese kuvela iwindi lediski eliqinile. Siyakhetha inketho "Dala idiski ebonakalayo ebonakalayo" bese ucindezela inkinobho yokudala.
Esikrinini esilandelayo sikushiya njengokumakiwe, okungukuthi, dala i-VirtualBox hard drive bese uqhafaza ngokulandelayo. Esikrinini esilandelayo sibeka inketho "Kugodliwe ngamandla"Lokhu kuzotshela uhlelo ukuthi lungagcini ama-gigabytes we-hard disk kepha liwathathe ngokuya ngezidingo zomshini obonakalayo, njalo ungeqi umkhawulo okhonjiswe ngezansi.
Manje kufanele sikhombise ukuthi yibuphi ubukhulu obukhulu be-hard disk yomshini wethu we-virtual. Lapho ukhetha uhlelo olusebenzayo, i-VirtualBox isivele isishiye simake inani eliphansi elidingekayo. Ngemuva kokuyisungula, sicindezela inkinobho yokudala futhi sizoba nomshini wethu obonakalayo. Manje kufanele simake umshini obonakalayo bese ucindezela inkinobho "Qala" ukuze umshini obonakalayo usebenze.
Siyabona ukuthi ngemuva kwemizuzwana eminingana, umshini obonakalayo uhamba mnyama ngedeshi elimhlophe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi alukho uhlelo lokusebenza olufakiwe, kufanele sikungeze lokho. Ukwenza lokhu, sithola isithombe se-ISO se-Ubuntu futhi ngemuva kwalokho siye ekucushweni kwe-VirtualBox. Futhi kuSitoreji, kudiski enophawu + sibonisa isithombe se-ISO. Sicindezela inkinobho yokwamukela bese ngemuva kokuqalisa kabusha umshini, kuzokwenziwa isithombe se-ISO bese ukufakwa kokuhambisa kusazoqhubeka.
Futhi manje lokho?
Ukudala umshini obonakalayo kungase kubonakale kungenalusizo ekuqaleni, kodwa ngemva kokusebenzisa eziningana, uzoqonda ukubaluleka kwale software ngaphakathi kokusatshalaliswa kwe-GNU/Linux : kusukela ekuhloleni inguqulo entsha kuya ekufakeni inguqulo ye-Windows. Lokhu kuxazulula izinkinga eziningi abasebenzisi be-Linux ababhekana nazo nsuku zonke.