Abafundi abaningi abasebenzise iWindows futhi manje abathuthela kwiLinux bazovuma ukuthi umbuzo wokuqala noma inkinga abahlangabezana nayo ithi "zigcinwa kuphi izinhlelo ku-Linux?"
Ngokungafani neWindows, iLinux isebenzisa uhlelo lwefayela oluhluke ngokuphelele; azikho izinhlamvu zamadrayivu ezifana no-"C:\, D:\, njll.", njengoba lokhu kungeyona indinganiso yeFilesystem Hierarchy System (FHS).
Lolu hlelo luchaza ukwakheka kwezinhlelo zamafayela ku-Linux nakwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-UNIX. Kodwa-ke, uhlelo lwefayela le-Linux luqukethe nezinkomba ezithile, ezingakachazwa kanjena kuze kube manje.
/ - isiqondisi sezimpande (impande)
Konke ohlelweni lwakho lwe-Linux kutholakala ku-/directory , eyaziwa nangokuthi i-root directory.
Lo mhlahlandlela ufana nokukhuluma nge-"C:\ ku-Windows," uma singasho kanjalo, kodwa akunjalo , ngoba ku-Linux azikho izinhlamvu kumagama edrayivu.
/ bin - amafayela kanambambili womsebenzisi
Isiqondisi se-/bin siqukethe ama-binary abasebenzisi (izinhlelo) okumele abe khona lapho uhlelo lusebenza kwimodi yomsebenzisi oyedwa.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi azikho ezinye iziqondisi ezingaba khona noma okufanele zibe khona kulolu hlu; lapha sizothola kuphela amafayela amabili ezinhlelo, kanye nezixhumanisi zawo ezingokomfanekiso, ezingahlukaniswa ngo-"@".
/ boot - amafayela wokuqalisa wesistimu
Isiqondisi se-/boot siqukethe amafayela adingekayo ukuze kuqalwe uhlelo, isibonelo, amafayela e-GRUB kanye ne-Kernel agcinwa lapha.
I-kernel yohlelo ingakhonjwa njengefayela lesithombe elibizwa nge-vmlinuz-version _ kernel) kumele litholakale kulo mkhombandlela noma enkombeni yezimpande.
/ cdrom mount point ye-CD-ROM
I-directory ye-/cdrom ayiyona ingxenye yesistimu yamafayela ye-FHS, kodwa isatholakala ekusatshalalisweni okuningana.
Lolu hlu lwemibhalo luyindawo yesikhashana yedrayivu ye-CD/DVD yekhompyutha yakho ohlelweni lwakho. Kodwa-ke, indawo ejwayelekile yamadivayisi emidiya yesikhashana yi-directory ye-/media.
/ amafayela wedivayisi.
I-Linux ibona amadivayisi njengamafayela, futhi umkhombandlela we / dev uqukethe amafayela akhethekile amele amadivayisi. Akuzona lezi zinhlobo zamafayela njengoba sijwayele ukuwabona.
Futhi, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi amadivayisi angavimba noma abe ngumlingiswa. Imvamisa, amadivayisi wokuvimba yilabo abagcina idatha namadivayisi wezinhlamvu adlulisa idatha.
Ngokuyinhloko lapha singathola amaphuzu akhwezayo ezinye izingxenye noma amadivayisi axhunywe kukhompyutha.
Isibonelo , i-/dev/sda yindawo yokukhweza ye-hard drive esetshenziswayo, kanti ezinye izingxenye zale drive zizofakwa izinombolo ngendlela yokuthi ingxenye yokuqala izoba yi- /dev/sda1, eyesibili i- /dev/sda2 , njalo njalo.
Kwamanye amadiski axhunyiwe, amadrayivu e-USB noma amadivayisi okugcina, sizowabona njengo- /dev/sdb, /dev/sdc njalo njalo.
Singakubheka lokhu kusuka ku-terminal ngokwenza umyalo:
sudo fdisk -l
Kanti ifayela elihlotshaniswa negundane lohlobo lwe -PS/2 lizoba yi- /dev/psaux.
/ njll - amafayela wokumisa
Isiqondisi se-/etc siqukethe amafayela okucushwa angahlelwa ngesandla kusetshenziswa umhleli wombhalo.
Qaphela ukuthi umkhombandlela / njll uqukethe amafayela wohlelo abalulekile, konke kungokokulungiselelwa, okungamafayela e-static.
Amafayela asebenzayo, amafayili kanambambili kakhulu, akufanele atholakale lapha.
/ home - ifolda yasekhaya yomsebenzisi
Isiqondisi se-/home siqukethe amafolda asekhaya abo bonke abasebenzisi . Isibonelo, uma igama lakho lomsebenzisi lingu-"user1", isiqondisi sakho sasekhaya sizoba yi-/home/user1.
Le folda iqukethe amafayela womsebenzisi nedatha ehlobene nomsebenzisi, kanye namafayela womsebenzisi nokuncamelayo.
Umsebenzisi ngamunye unokufinyelela kokubhala kuphela enkombeni yabo yasekhaya, futhi ukuguqula amanye amafayela kuhlelo abazodinga ukuthi babe nezimvume zomsebenzisi omkhulu noma abe ngumsebenzisi wezimpande.
/ lib imitapo yolwazi
Isiqondisi se-/lib siqukethe imitapo yolwazi edingwa yi-binary etholakala ku-/bin kanye ne-/sbin.
Ngokwehluka okukodwa kuphela, ukuthi imitapo yolwazi edingeka ngemigqomo kwifolda / usr / bin ikusikhombisi se- / usr / lib.