Esontweni eledlule, WhatsApp Kuyizindaba ezisematheni, hhayi ngesizathu esihle. Mina ngokwami, angikaze ngikholelwe ukuthi izingxoxo zibethelwe kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni. Ngiyazibuza, "Uma kunjalo, bayenza kanjani imali?" Impendulo ibonakala sengathi noma yimuphi umsebenzi we-Meta unokufinyelela ezingxoxweni zethu. Lokhu kubikwe kuleli sonto, futhi ngizoqhubeka nokugcizelela ukuthi sizame ukusebenzisa I-RCS manje isiyatholakala ku-Android naku-iOS.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inkampani igcizelela ukuthi Akekho ongaphandle kwengxoxo, ngisho neMeta, ongafunda okuqukethwe yemiyalezo. Lokhu kungezwani phakathi kwenguqulo esemthethweni kanye nezinsolo zangaphandle kwenze ukubethela kwe-WhatsApp kwaba ngenye yezinkinga ezibucayi kakhulu emkhakheni we- ukuvikelwa kwedatha kanye nokwethenjwa kwedijithali kwezigidi zabasebenzisi baseYurophu.
Iyini indlela yokufihla kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni ethenjiswa yi-WhatsApp?
I-WhatsApp ibilokhu yethula ukubethela ngasemaphethelweni (E2EE) njengengxenye ebalulekile ye-DNA yayo. Ngokusho kwepulatifomu uqobo, lolu hlelo luvikela imiyalezo, izithombe, amavidiyo, amanothi ezwi, amadokhumenti, izingcingo, indawo yesikhathi sangempela, kanye nezibuyekezo zesimoukuze kube ngumthumeli nomamukeli kuphela abangafinyelela okuqukethwe.
Uhlelo lokusebenza luchaza ukuthi umlayezo ngamunye uvikelekile nge "ukhiye" kanye nokhiye owodwa Lezi zikhiye zenziwa kumadivayisi, hhayi kumaseva e-Meta. Zishintsha njalo futhi ziphathwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngakho umsebenzisi akadingi ukusebenzisa noma yiziphi izinketho ezikhethekile ukuze avikele izingxoxo zakhe.
Ukuze kuqiniswe ukwethembana, i-WhatsApp ikhumbuza abasebenzisi ukuthi uhlelo lwayo lokubethela luthembele ku- isignali protocolLe protocol iyaziwa kabanzi emhlabeni wezokuphepha kwe-inthanethi. Kodwa-ke, isetshenziswa ngaphakathi kohlelo lokusebenza olungeyona evulekile, okusho ukuthi ochwepheshe bangaphandle bangahlola kuphela ngendlela elinganiselwe ukuthi lokho kubethela kusetshenziswe kanjani ngokoqobo.
Umsebenzisi angazi kanjani ukuthi ingxoxo ibethelwe?
I-WhatsApp ngokwayo ichaza esikhungweni sayo sosizo ukuthi ingxoxo ngayinye ebethelwe ine- ikhodi yokuphepha ethileLesi sihlonzi sisetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi Izingcingo nemiyalezo zivikelwe ngempumelelo nge-E2EE phakathi kwalawo madivayisi amabili athile.
Leyo khodi ingabukwa ngefomethi ye- Ikhodi ye-QR noma njengochungechunge lwezinombolo ezingu-60 Ngaphakathi kolwazi lokuxhumana, esigabeni esithi "Ukubethela". Ukuqhathanisa lolu lwazi phakathi kwabahlanganyeli bengxoxo kuqinisekisa ukuthi bobabili basebenzisa okhiye abafanayo nokuthi okuqukethwe akukathunyelwa kubantu besithathu.
Empeleni, ukuqinisekisa kuhilela ukuvula ingxoxo, ukuya esikrinini solwazi lokuxhumana noma lweqembu, bese uchofoza ku- "Ukubethela"Ngemva kwemizuzwana embalwa, uhlelo lokusebenza lubonisa umlayezo ozenzakalelayo oqinisekisa ukubethela futhi lunikeza izinketho zokuskena ikhodi ye-QR noma ukuhlola izinombolo ezingu-60 ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziyahambisana phakathi kwamadivayisi womabili.
Icala lesenzo sekilasi eliphikisana nokubethela kwe-WhatsApp
Naphezu kwale nkulumo esemthethweni, icala lesenzo sekilasi elifakwe eNkantolo Yesifunda saseSan Francisco Lokhu kuvuselele izinsolo mayelana nokuthi ukubethela kusebenza kanjani ngempela. Idokhumenti yenkantolo igcizelela ukuthi I-Meta igcina, ihlaziye, futhi ingafinyelela ukuxhumana abasebenzisi abathumela nge-WhatsApp, noma ngabe ipulatifomu ikhuthazwa njengesevisi yangasese ngokuphelele.
Iqembu labamangali lihlanganisa abameli nezinhlangano ezivela I-Australia, iBrazil, iNdiya, iMexico kanye neNingizimu AfrikaEzinsolweni zabo, bathi kokubili uhlelo lokubethela oluvela ekugcineni kuya ekugcineni kanye namanye amathuluzi okuphepha ohlelo lokusebenza aphephile. "Ngeke ziphumelele njengoba kukhangisiwe." nokuthi inkampani idukise umphakathi ngokwazisa izinga lokuvikelwa elitholakalayo.
Ngokusho kwamadokhumenti, icala lisekelwe nasebufakazini obuvela kwabasolwayo abathumeli bangaphakathi lokho bekuzochaza izinqubo abasebenzi be-Meta abangafinyelela ngazo okuqukethwe kwezingxoxo ezithile, uma beceliwe ohlelweni lwangaphakathi lwenkampani.
Impendulo ye-Meta ne-WhatsApp: izinsolo "ezingokoqobo" zokubethela kanye "ezingenangqondo"
Ukusabela kwenkampani bekungangabazeki. Andy Stone, okhulumela i-WhatsApp ne-MetaUStone ubize leli cala ngokuthi "alinamsebenzi" futhi wagomela ngokuthi inkampani izofuna izijeziso kubameli abalifakile. Ezitatimendeni zakhe kwabezindaba ezifana neBloomberg, uStone ugcizelela ukuthi "Noma yisiphi isimangalo sokuthi imiyalezo ye-WhatsApp ayibethelwe singamanga futhi siyize.".
I-Meta ikugcina lokho abasebenzi be-WhatsApp noma labo benkampani engumzali Banendlela yokufunda ukuxhumana okubethelwe ngabasebenzisi, futhi uhlelo lwe-E2EE olusekelwe kuphrothokholi yeSignal selusebenze cishe iminyaka eyishumi. Luphawula nokuthi ohulumeni abacela ukufinyelela kokuqukethwe Babhekana nesithiyo sobuchwepheshe esifanayo nesabanye abantu besithathu: ukwakheka kokubethela kungavimbela ukulethwa kwemiyalezo, ngisho noma kubhekene nezicelo ezisemthethweni.
UMark Zuckerberg, i-CEO ye-Meta, uvikele obala lo modeli, ethi "Akukho sikhathi lapho amaseva e-Meta ebona okuqukethwe" yemiyalezo lapho abantu ababili bexoxa ku-WhatsApp. Enkampanini, izinsolo zokuthi ukubethela kuyindlela yokufihla azinasisekelo sobuchwepheshe.
Ukuvuza kanye nabakhi bangaphambili bakhulisa ukungabaza
Ngaphezu kokucindezelwa kwezomthetho, kunezitatimende zika abakhi bangaphambili baxhunywe ekuhlolweni kokuqukethwe kwe-WhatsAppabake baphenywa ngamaphoyisa e-United States. Ngokusho kombiko otholwe yiBloomberg, laba basebenzi kuthiwa bathi abanye abasebenzi be-Meta babene- ukufinyelela okubanzi kwimilayezo yomsebenzisi kwesicelo.
Ubufakazi buvela kubantu abasebenzele i-WhatsApp ngokusebenzisa izinkampani zokubonisana zangaphandlenokuthi batshele umphenyi woMnyango Wezohwebo ukuthi izindawo zabo zokusebenza zinezikhundla "ezingenamingcele" ezingosini zokuxoxa. Lolu lwazi luhlanganiswe embikweni wangaphakathi onesihloko esithi "Ukusebenza Kubethelwe Kusuka Kumthombo", enomhla kaJulayi futhi ichazwe njengengxenye yophenyo oluqhubekayo.
Nokho, kakhulu Ihhovisi Lezimboni Nokuphepha UMnyango Wezohwebo wase-US uziphikile lezi zimangalo, uthi Akuphenyi i-WhatsApp noma i-Meta ngokwephulwa kwemithetho yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe nokuthi umbiko olungiselelwe omunye wama-ejenti awo wawungaphandle kwamandla awo.
I-Meta, yona, iphendule ngokuthi "Lokho laba bantu abakushoyo akunakwenzeka" Ngoba inkampani noma osonkontileka bayo abanakho ukufinyelela kokuqukethwe kokuxhumana okufihliwe. Le nkampani iphikelela ukuthi izoqhubeka nokwenqaba izinsolo, okuhlanganisa nalezo ezilethwe yinkampani yabameli ehola icala lesenzo samaqembu.
Ukugxekwa okuvela kubancintisani: I-Telegram namanye amazwi
Impikiswano mayelana nokubethela kwe-WhatsApp nayo isetshenziswe yi abancintisana ngqo emakethe yeposi, njenge wireIsikhulu esiphezulu seTelegram uPavel Durov ubuze ngokusobala ukuphepha kohlelo lokusebenza lweMeta, ethi ukuthembela ngokungaboni ohlelweni lwayo lokuvikela, ngokombono wakhe, "akwamukeleki".
UDurov uthi iTelegram inayo ihlaziye uhlelo lokubethela lwe-WhatsApp nokuthi ngaleyo nqubo ngabe bathole ubuthakathaka obungaba khonaNgokusho kwe-akhawunti yakhe, i-WhatsApp ayikaze ibe nephephile njengoba ivezwa ekuxhumaneni okusemthethweni kwe-Meta nezigidigidi zabasebenzisi bayo.
Ukugxekwa komsunguli weTelegram kufike ngesikhathi esibucayi kakhulu, phakathi nendawo icala lesenzo sekilasi e-United States ngokumelene neMeta ngokusolwa ngokufinyelela imiyalezo okuthiwa ibethelwe. I-WhatsApp isanda kuqinisekisa ukuthi basebenzisa iphrothokholi yeSignal nokuthi Okhiye bokuphepha bahlala kumadivayisihhayi kumaseva, ngakho inkampani ayikwazanga ukufunda okuqukethwe yizingxoxo noma ngabe yayifuna.
Umbono wochwepheshe bokubethela
Phakathi nalokhu kuxoxisana ngezinsolo, abanye ochwepheshe be-cryptography bazamile ukudambisa ukungezwani. UMatthew Green, umdwebi we-crypto eJohns Hopkins UniversityUphawule kubhulogi yakhe ukuthi ukubethela kwe-WhatsApp kusekelwe kuphrothokholi yeSignal nokuthi, yize uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Meta lungeyona i-open source, kukhona Izindlela zobuchwepheshe zokuthola ukuthi okuqukethwe kuyabethelwa ngempela.
UGreen ukhomba ukuthi uma i-WhatsApp ifunda imiyalezo ngendlela ehlelekile, umphakathi wocwaningo lwezokuphepha ekugcineni uzothola ubufakazi ekuziphatheni kohlelo lokusebenza noma ekuhlaziyweni kwethrafikhi. Noma kunjalo, kugcizelela ukuthi ukungakwazi ukubuyekeza yonke ikhodi kwenza kube nokuqinisekiswa okuzimele kokuthi ukubethela kuyasetshenziswa njengoba inkampani isho kunzima kakhulu.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amaqembu ahlukahlukene okulwela ubumfihlo, njengalawo akhuthaza izinhlelo ezifana "Yibhale Kakade"Bacindezela izinkampani ezinkulu ukuthi zandise ukubethela kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsizakalo eziningi futhi zikusebenzise ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngokukhethekile mayelana ne-WhatsApp, la maqembu afuna lokho Ama-backup e-E2EE abethelwe anikwe amandla ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi akuxhomeki ekutheni umsebenzisi uzilungiselele ngesandla.
Kuthiwani ngama-backups: iphuzu elibuthakathaka lesistimu
Enye yezinto ezibalulekile kakhulu, futhi mhlawumbe ezingaziwa kakhulu, umehluko phakathi kokubethela kwe- imiyalezo ezokuthutha kanye nokuvikelwa kwe amafu izipeleNakuba izingxoxo nezingcingo ze-WhatsApp zibethelwe, amakhophi agciniwe agcinwa ku-Google Drayivu noma ku-iCloud. Akuzange kuvikelwe njalo nge-E2EE okuzenzakalelayo.
I-WhatsApp isinikeze inketho yokuvula i-akhawunti isikhathi esithile manje. izipele ezibethelwe ngasemaphethelweniukuze uhlelo lokusebenza ngokwalo noma abahlinzeki bamafu bangakwazi ukufinyelela okuqukethwe kwalo. Kodwa lesi sici sidinga umsebenzisi ukuthi adale iphasiwedi noma ukhiye onezinombolo ezingu-64 Futhi uma ikhohliwe noma ilahlekile, ayikho indlela yokuthola kabusha idatha egciniwe.
Yingakho abanye abantu nezinkampani bekhetha Ungavumeli ukubethela kwe-E2EE kuma-backupsBathi lokhu kwenza kube lula ukubuyisela izingxoxo lapho ushintsha amafoni, usebenzisa amathuluzi okufuduka asebenzisa amapulatifomu ahlukahlukene, noma uhambisana nezibopho ezithile zokugcina nokuhlola, ngezindleko zokuthembela kuphela ekuphepheni komhlinzeki wefu.
Kungani abanye abasebenzisi bekhubaza ukubethela kwesipele?
Isinqumo sokungabhali i-E2EE kuma-backups sivame ukusekelwe ezizathwini ezingokoqobo. Uma othile evula leso sistimu bese Khohlwa iphasiwedi yakho noma ulahle ukhiye wakho wezinombolo ezingu-64Ikhophi yasenqolobaneni ayibe isakwazi ukutholakala. I-WhatsApp ayigcini lawa makhiye, ngakho-ke ayikwazi ukusiza ukuwabuyisela.
Ezweni lebhizinisi, ukukhubaza ukubethela kwesipele kungabonakala njengendlela yokwenza ukufinyelela okuphephile kumlando wengxoxo Ngezinhloso zokuthobela imithetho noma imithethonqubo, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni ehambisana nezidingo eziqinile zokubhala amadokhumenti. Kulesi simo, okubaluleke kakhulu kuba ukubuyiswa kwedatha okuqinisekisiwe, noma ngabe kusho ukucabanga ukuthi ingozi enkulu maqondana nokugcinwa kwemfihlo.
Kukhona futhi abasebenzisi abathi, ngemva kokuhlupheka amaphutha noma ukuvinjelwa Lapho kubuyiselwa isipele esibethelwe kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni, abasebenzisi abaningi bakhetha ukubuyela ohlelweni olujwayelekile lwesipele samafu. Amathuluzi ezinkampani zangaphandle avumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathuthe noma bakhiphe idatha ye-WhatsApp phakathi kwamapulatifomu ngokuvamile asebenza kuphela ngama-backups angabethelwe, okusunduza abaningi ukuthi khubaza okwesikhashana lelo zinga elengeziwe lokuphepha.
Izingozi kanye nomongo wezomthetho eYurophu naseSpain
Ukukhubaza ukubethela kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni kuma-backups kusho ukuthi, empeleni, ulwazi luvikelwe kuphela yizilinganiso zezinkampani ezifana Google noma AppleUma othile efinyelela i-akhawunti yefu—ngokwesibonelo, ngokusebenzisa ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi noma ukwebiwa kweziqinisekiso— ingathola ifayela eliyisipele le-WhatsApp futhi ihlaziye okuqukethwe kwalo uma lingabethelwe ngekhodi.
Ngokombono wezomthetho, uhlaka lwaseYurophu, olune Umthethonqubo Wokuvikelwa Kwemininingwane Jikelele (RGPD) Njengereferensi, ikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwezinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile, okuhlanganisa nokubethela, ukuvikela idatha yomuntu siqu. Kumabhizinisi asebenzisa i-WhatsApp ngezinjongo zobungcweti eSpain noma kwamanye amazwe e-EU, gcina imilando yengxoxo ngaphandle kokubethela okwengeziwe Kungase kuphakamise ukukhathazeka ngokuthobela imithetho uma kuphathwa idatha yamakhasimende ebucayi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubethela kuthinta ubudlelwano ne- amabutho ezokuphepha kanye nemizimbaUma ama-backup ebethelwe kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni futhi umsebenzisi kuphela onesihluthulelo, umhlinzeki wefu noma i-WhatsApp ngeke bakwazi ukunikeza okuqukethwe uma kwenzeka inkantolo ikhipha umyalelo. Uma kungenjalo, izinkampani zobuchwepheshe zingaphoqeleka ukuthi lula ukufinyelela kulezo zipele lapho kuyalelwa yizinkantolo.
Lokhu kulinganisela phakathi kobumfihlo, ukuphepha komphakathi, kanye nezibopho zomthetho kubucayi kakhulu eYurophu, lapho iziphakamiso zixoxwa khona njalo ukuze khawulela noma gwema ukubethela ezimweni ezithile. Kulowo mongo, udaba lwe-WhatsApp luhlolisiswa ngokucophelela, ngenxa yokubaluleka kwalo okukhulu ekuxhumaneni kwansuku zonke kwezigidi zabasebenzisi eSpain.
Indlela yokuhlola nokuphatha ukubethela kuhlelo lokusebenza
Nsuku zonke, umsebenzisi angenza ukuhlola okulula ukuze ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi yini evikelwe nokuthi kanjaniEngxoxweni ngayinye yomuntu ngamunye noma yeqembu, kungenzeka ukufinyelela ulwazi lwengxoxo ngokuchofoza esigabeni "Ukubethela" futhi uqinisekise ikhodi yokuphepha usebenzisa ikhodi ye-QR noma umucu wezinombolo ezingu-60. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukushintshana phakathi kwalawo madivayisi amabili kuyabethelwa kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni.
Ngokuphathelene nokusekela ngokulondoloza, ungafinyelela isigaba sokusekela ngokulondoloza kusuka kuzilungiselelo zohlelo lokusebenza—kokubili ku-Android naku-iPhone. "Isipele sengxoxo" bese ubona ukuthi inketho "isipele esibethelwe kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni" Iyasebenza. Uma iyasebenza, kuzodingeka iphasiwedi noma ukhiye onezinombolo ezingu-64 ukuze uyivale noma uyishintshe; ngaphandle kwalokho, umsebenzisi angalungiselela lesi sivikelo ngokulandela i-wizard enikezwa yi-WhatsApp.
Ngisho naphezu kwazo zonke lezi zici, impikiswano yamanje isikhumbuza ukuthi ukubethela akuyona nje indaba yobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi kuyindaba yokuthi ukwethemba indlela izinkampani ezifeza futhi zigcina ngayo izithembiso zazoPhakathi kwamacala e-United States, ukuvuza okuvela kwabakhi benkontileka bangaphambili, ukugxekwa okuvela kubancintisani, kanye neso elibukhali labalawuli baseYurophu, ikusasa lokubethela i-WhatsApp kanye nesimo sayo njengethuluzi eliyimfihlo ngempela kuzohlala kuyindaba ebalulekile kubasebenzisi, ochwepheshe bezokuphepha, kanye neziphathimandla eSpain nakulo lonke elaseYurophu.
