Uma ubulokhu ucabanga ngama-desktop e-Linux isikhathi eside, cishe uke wacabanga into efana nokuthi, "Ngifisa sengathi ngingaba nokubukeka nomuzwa we-Windows 8, kodwa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa inkululeko ye-Linux." Yilapho kanye lokhu kungena khona. I-Win8DE, indawo ezama ukuphinda ibambe ingqikithi ebonakalayo ye-Windows 8 ku-Waylandngaphandle kokuyeka izinzuzo zesistimu yesimanje yomthombo ovulekile.
Kunokuba yisihloko esibonakalayo esilula, i-Win8DE Kucatshangwa njengephrojekthi ephelele yesipiliyoni sedeskithophu Iphefumulelwe yi-interface ye-Metro/Modern UI, yakhelwe ukuhlanganiswa nabaphathi befasitela abalula njenge-LabWC noma abahlanganisi abathuthuke kakhulu njenge-Hyprland. Kuyisinyathelo esincane kodwa esimele kakhulu esinomkhuba ocacile: ukusebenzisa i-nostalgia kanye ne-niche kudinga ukushayela izendlalelo ezintsha zokusungula izinto ezintsha ku-Linux.
Iyini ngempela i-Win8DE?
Ngamafuphi, i-Win8DE iyi- indawo yedeskithophu yomthombo ovulekile ephinda ibukeke kanye nokuziphatha kwe-Windows 8 ku-Linuxkugxilwe kakhulu ezindaweni ezisekelwe eWayland. Iphrojekthi ibanjelwe ku- GitHub futhi ikhodi yayo iyatholakala kunoma ubani ukuthi ayifunde, ayishintshe, noma ayihlanganise ekusethweni kwedeskithophu yakhe.
Umgomo oyinhloko akusikho ukuhlanganisa yonke indawo ye-Windows 8 kuze kube semininingwaneni yokugcina, kodwa ukunikeza Okuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi kufana kakhulu ngokwezithombe kanye nomsebenzi.: imenyu yokuqala yesitayela se-"tile" esicishe sibe isikrini esigcwele, isikrini sokukhiya esibonakalayo, kanye nezinto ezithile zesikhombikubona ezikhumbula kahle uhlelo lwe-Microsoft, kodwa ezisebenza ngokusatshalaliswa kwe-GNU/Linux yesimanje.
Isisekelo sobuchwepheshe sale phrojekthi sigxile I-Wayland njengeseva yezithombe ezibhekisela kuyoSisebenzisa ukwakheka kwayo kwesimanje uma kuqhathaniswa ne-X11, i-Win8DE ingahlanganiswa nabahlanganisi kanye nabaphathi bewindi abafana ne- I-Labwc noma i-Hyprlandesezivamile kakade ezindaweni ezilula noma ukucushwa okwenziwe ngokwezifiso kakhulu. Le ndlela ivumela ungqimba olubonakalayo "lwesitayela se-Windows 8" ukuthi luthembele ezingxenyeni zesimanje neziguquguqukayo ezivela ohlelweni lwe-Linux.
Iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi I-Win8DE yakhelwe abasebenzisi abavela ku-Windows abacabanga ngokushintsha okungazelelwe.Kwabaningi, isikhombikubona seMetro sasiwushintsho olukhulu ngaleso sikhathi, kodwa abanye basikhumbula kahle ngobulula baso kanye nendlela yaso esuselwe ekuthinteni. I-Win8DE isebenzisa leyo nkumbulo ebonakalayo ukudala indawo ejwayelekile ngaphandle kokulahla ukulawula okuhlanganisiwe okuvamile kwe-Linux.
Izici eziyinhloko ze-Win8DE
Enye yezinsika zale phrojekthi ukuthi Imenyu yokuqala ephefumulelwe yi-Windows 8 enesakhiwo esifana nethayelaLe menyu inikeza ukufinyelela kuzinhlelo zokusebenza, izilungiselelo, kanye nezinqamuleli ngendlela efana kakhulu nohlelo lwe-Microsoft lwasekuqaleni. Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kungeyona ikhophi engokoqobo, abasebenzisi bayayibona ngokushesha ubuhle "bamathayili" kanye nokwakheka kwesikrini esibanzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, le phrojekthi ihlanganisa isikrini sokukhiya esenziwe ngokwezifiso esilingisa isitayela esibonakalayo se-Windows 8Ingemuva lesikrini esigcwele, isikhathi nosuku olubonakalayo, kanye noshintsho oluhambisana nendawo yonke. Lesi sikrini sokukhiya asigcini nje ngokusebenza kahle kodwa futhi sihlangana nokugeleza kokuqinisekisa kwesistimu, sigcina ukuvumelana kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukukhiya okuzenzakalelayo kokungasebenzi kuyaqaliswa noma umsebenzisi ukuphoqa ngesandla.
Esinye isici esicatshangelwe ngokucophelela uhlelo lwe- I-OSD (Isibonisi Esisesikrinini) sokulawula ivolumu nokukhanyaLezi zinkomba ezikusikrini zivela lapho izinga lomsindo noma ukukhanya kushintsha, kubonisa imigoqo yenqubekela phambili kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo zesithombe. Kuyimininingwane ebonakala incane, kodwa kuyisihluthulelo sokwenza isipiliyoni sedeskithophu sizizwe sihlangene futhi sisesimanje, kunokuba kube yingxubevange yezingxoxo nezaziso ezingaxhunywanga.
Imvelo inikeza futhi izinketho zokwenza ngokwezifiso ezibanzi ngokunengqondoOkungenani ngokwezithombe zangemuva, izinhlelo zemibala, kanye nezilungiselelo ezithile ezibonakalayo. Umqondo uwukuthi umsebenzisi angalungisa ukubukeka ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ubunjalo bephrojekthi "obufana ne-Windows 8", ngokudlala ngenhlanganisela yemibala, izithombe zangemuva, kanye nezincazelo ezingabonakali zesikhombikubona.
Ezingeni elisebenzayo, i-Win8DE ifaka phakathi Izikripthi zokufaka ezivumela imvelo ukuthi isetshenziswe kokubili endaweni kanye nasemhlabeni jikelele ohlelweniLokhu kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuhlola: mane ulandele imiyalelo yokugcina ukuze ideskithophu isebenze ngaphandle kokuyilungiselela ngesandla ingxenye ngayinye. Noma ubani angayifaka ngenxa ye-akhawunti yakhe yomsebenzisi, futhi umuntu othanda kakhulu angayifaka ngokujulile ekusabalalisweni.
Konke lokhu kusekelwa yi- Ilayisensi ye-GPL-2.0, eqinisekisa inkululeko yokusebenzisa, yokuguqula kanye nokusabalalisa kabushaLokhu kukhetha ilayisensi akuyona into eyenzeka ngengozi: kuhambisana nefilosofi yesofthiwe yamahhala futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi noma yikuphi ukuthuthukiswa noma izinhlobo ezikhishwayo kumele zigcine iziqinisekiso ezifanayo kubasebenzisi nabathuthukisi besikhathi esizayo.
I-Wayland, i-Labwc, i-Hyprland kanye nokuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe
Ukuze uqonde ngokugcwele ukuthi kungani i-Win8DE inengqondo namuhla, kuyasiza ukubheka umongo wobuchwepheshe: I-Wayland isibe yindinganiso yama-desktop amaningi e-Linux aqhubekela kuyo.kancane kancane kuthatha indawo ye-Xorg endala. Lolu shintsho luhilela ama-API amasha, amaphethini amasha, futhi, ngokuvamile, indlela ehlukile yokucabanga ngokusebenzisana phakathi kweseva yehluzo namakhasimende.
I-Win8DE ithembele ngokusobala kule ndawo yesimanje, ifuna Ukuhlanganiswa okuhlanzekile nabaphathi befasitela kanye nabaqambi abafana neLabwcI-Labwc iyi-compositor ye-Wayland ephefumulelwe yi-Openbox, ebeka phambili ukukhanya nokulula. Uma ihlanganiswe ne-Win8DE, idala indawo yedeskithophu ebukeka ihluke kakhulu ekubukekeni okuvamile kwe-Openbox, ngenkathi igcina ifilosofi yayo yokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza okuphansi kanye namakhono aphezulu okwenza ngokwezifiso.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iphrojekthi ibheka nokuhambisana ne- UHyprland, umqambi wezingoma zikaWayland odumile kakhulu emphakathini oshiseka kakhulu.I-Hyprland ivelele ngokugqwayiza kwayo okuguquguqukayo, ukucushwa okunemininingwane eminingi, kanye nekhono lokuzivumelanisa nokusethwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-multi-monitor. Ukuhlanganisa ungqimba olubonakalayo lwesitayela se-Windows 8 kule ndawo kusho ukuthi abasebenzisi bangajabulela imiphumela yesimanje kanye nesipiliyoni sekhwalithi ephezulu ngaphandle kokulahla ukuguquguquka kobuhle.
Ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe, lokhu kudinga ukuxazulula izinkinga ezifana nokuthi ukuphathwa kwezinqamuleli zekhibhodi, ukuphatha amafasitela antantayo nathayela, ukubamba okufakwayo, kanye nezakhi zesibonisi sokudweba Ngokuphathelene nomqambi okhethiwe, i-Win8DE kumele ihlanganiswe kahle nalezi zingcezu ukuze i-Start Menu, i-Lock Screen, noma ama-OSD angangqubuzani nezilawuli zomphathi wefasitela lendabuko.
Ukuzivumelanisa nalesi sitaki esisha saseWayland nakho kuyanikeza, ithuba elihle kakhulu lokuzama amaphethini okuklama esimanjeAmaphrojekthi amaningi edeskithophu endala anezingqimba zokuhambisana kwamashumi eminyaka; noma kunjalo, izinhlelo ezifana ne-Win8DE zingaqala kusukela ku-canvas ehlanzekile, zigxile ekusebenzeni okubalulekile, futhi zifunde ngqo kulokho okusebenzayo (nokuthi yini engasebenzi) kuma-interface amakhulu, aziwayo.
Ukukhumbula izikhathi zakudala, amakhono akhethekile, kanye nenani labasunguli kanye nezinkampani ezintsha ezivulekile
Ngokombono womkhiqizo, i-Win8DE iyisibonelo esicacile sendlela Ukukhumbula izikhathi zakudala kungaba yimbangela yokusungula izinto ezintsha ezweni lomthombo ovulekileAkukhona nje ukudala into endala nge-romanticism emsulwa, kodwa mayelana nokuhlonza ingxenye yabasebenzisi abalangazelela ulwazi oluthile nokubanikeza enye indlela yesimanje, evulekile, neyandisiwe.
Kwabasunguli abasebenza emkhakheni wezinhlelo zokusebenza zedeskithophu noma ungqimba lwesipiliyoni somsebenzisi, lolu hlobo lwephrojekthi lukhombisa indlela i-niche ethile kakhulu (abasebenzisi bangaphambili be-Windows abazisa isikhombimsebenzisi se-Metro) engasebenza ngayo njengendawo yokuhlolaUkuqinisekisa imibono nemiphakathi emincane kodwa enentshisekelo kuvumela ukuphindaphinda okusheshayo, ukuthola impendulo eqondile, kanye nokulungisa umkhiqizo ngaphambi kokuhlosela izithameli eziningi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Win8DE ikhombisa ukuthi Amandla omphakathi womthombo ovulekile wokuphindaphinda kuma-interface ajwayelekile futhi uwadlulisele ngale komongo wawo wokuqalaNgokungafani nomkhiqizo ovaliwe, lapha noma ubani angavula ikhodi, aphakamise izinguquko, axoxe ngezinqumo zokuklama, noma "afake" iphrojekthi ukuze azame ukushintshashintsha okukhulu kwesixhumi esibonakalayo.
Esinye isifundo esibalulekile samabhizinisi amasha ukuthi kanjani ukuzivumelanisa nezinqwaba ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, njenge-ecosystem yaseWayland kanye nabaphathi bayo abahlukahlukene bamafasitelaIzinkampani eziningi zisagxile kumapulatifomu ajwayelekile, kuyilapho amaphrojekthi afana nalawa ehamba phambili, ehlola ukuthi angakha kanjani okuhlangenwe nakho okungenamthungo kuma-API amasha ehluzo. Lolu lwazi oluqoqiwe lungaba yinzuzo yokuncintisana kamuva lapho kudalwa imikhiqizo yezentengiselwano noma izixazululo ezingathi sÃna.
Okokugcina, kukhona isici samasu: ukubhekelela izindawo zemvelo ezingaxhashazwa kakhulu, njengabasebenzisi abathuthele kusuka ku-Windows baye ku-LinuxLokhu kuvula iminyango yezinsizakalo, izinsizakusebenza, namathuluzi agcwalisa izikhala zangempela. Inkampani entsha eqonda ukungezwani kwalolu shintsho ingaklama iziphakamiso zenani eliqondile kakhulu: abasizi bokufuduka, izindawo zomsebenzi ezihlanganisiwe, ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokusebenza zebhizinisi ezindala, njalo njalo.
Izifundo zomphakathi nezokuklama ezivela ku-Win8DE
Uma sibheka ngokucophelela intuthuko ye-Win8DE, kunezinto eziningana ezingabonwa Izifundo ezithakazelisayo zendlela yokuphatha iphrojekthi ye-UI yomthombo ovulekileOkokuqala ukubaluleka kokubhala phansi kahle inqubo yokufaka, izidingo, kanye nokuhambisana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlanganiswa kanye nokusabalalisa, into le phrojekthi eyinakekela ngokufanele ngokusebenzisa indawo yayo yokugcina ku-GitHub.
Inani le gcina umjikelezo wezibuyekezo ezivame ukubonakalaIqiniso lokuthi ikhodi igcinwa isebenza ngokuhlanganiswa okuvamile, ukulungiswa kwamaphutha, kanye nokulungiswa okuncane kwesixhumi esibonakalayo kwakha ukwethembana nabasebenzisi abangaba khona futhi kukhuthaza abantu abaningi ukuba bazame indawo ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuthi ishiywe.
Esinye isifundo esibalulekile ukuvuleleka okucacile ekubambisaneni. I-Win8DE ikhuthaza lokho Labo abanentshisekelo bangafaka isandla ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-UI, ukulungiswa kwamaphutha, noma ukuhlanganiswa okusha.Lokhu kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iphrojekthi ayincikile kumuntu oyedwa noma eqenjini elincane labathuthukisi, futhi kuvumela abaklami, abahumushi, kanye namanye amaphrofayili angewona awezobuchwepheshe ukuthi nabo babe nendawo yokufaka isandla esibalulekile.
Ngokuphathelene nomklamo, i-Win8DE isebenza njengesikhumbuzo sokuthi Izixhumi ze-retro noma "zakudala" zingaba nokuphila kwesibili uma zivumelaniswe kahle nomongo wamanje.Akudingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukulandela ubuhle besistimu yokusebenza yakamuva; ngezinye izikhathi, ukubuyisa amaphethini abonakalayo kungaba yilokho kanye izilaleli ezithile ezikudingayo ukuze zizizwe zikhululekile epulatifomu entsha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphrojekthi igcizelela ukuthi Akuwona wonke umuntu ofuna ama-minimalism asezingeni eliphezulu noma amadeski alula kakhulu angenazo izinto eziningi ezijabulisayo.Kukhona amaphrofayili abasebenzisi lapho ubuhle obuhlukile, obunezithonjana ezinkulu kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo ezicacile, buqondakala kalula. Ukunakekela lokhu kuhlukahluka kokunambitheka kunikeza ithuba lemikhiqizo engafanelani nesakhiwo esijwayelekile sezindawo ezinkulu zedeskithophu ezisetshenziswayo.
Indlela yokuhlola i-Win8DE ohlelweni lwakho lwe-Linux
Noma ubani ofuna ukukubona mathupha angaya ngqo ku- Indawo yayo yokugcina idatha ku-GitHub, lapho inqubo yokufaka kanye nezidingo zayo zichazwe khona.Ukusuka lapho kungenzeka ukwenza iphrojekthi ibe yi-clone, ubuyekeze ikhodi yomthombo bese ubheka izikripthi zokufakwa kokubili kokufakwa kwendawo (komsebenzisi wamanje kuphela) kanye nokufakwa komhlaba wonke (kohlelo lonke).
Ngokuvamile, inqubo ihilela Sebenzisa enye yezikripthi ezinikeziwe, ezokopisha amafayela adingekayo futhi ibhalise izingxenye zemvelo.Kuye ngokusatshalaliswa kanye nomqambi okhethiwe (i-Labwc, i-Hyprland, noma ezinye ezihambisana ne-Wayland), ezinye izinguquko ezengeziwe zingadingeka, njengokuchaza iseshini kumphathi wokungena ngemvume noma ukwengeza iziguquguquko ezithile zemvelo.
Ngaphambi kokuqalisa, kuyanconywa Hlola ukuhambisana nokusabalalisa kwakho, inguqulo yakho ye-Wayland, kanye nomphathi wewindi ovame ukulisebenzisa.Nakuba umgomo uwukuba yinto ejwayelekile ngangokunokwenzeka, iqiniso ledeskithophu ye-Linux ukuthi inhlanganisela ngayinye inezinkinga zayo ezincane. Indawo yokugcina idatha ngokwayo ivame ukuhlanganisa izinkinga ezibikwe abanye abasebenzisi, ezisebenza njengesiqondiso sokugwema izinkinga ezivamile.
Indlela ehlakaniphile iwukuthi Hlola i-Win8DE kuseshini ehlukile noma kumsebenzisi wokuhlolaNgakho-ke, uma okuthile kungahambelani kahle, ungabuyela kuzilungiselelo zakho ezijwayelekile ngaphandle kokumangala. Lokhu kukunika ithuba lokuzama isikhombimsebenzisi sesitayela se-Windows 8, ulungise ukwenza ngokwezifiso, bese ubona ukuthi kuyahambisana yini nomsebenzi wakho wansuku zonke.
Indlela yokufaka isandla kuphrojekthi nokuhlanganyela ekuthuthukisweni kwayo
Kulabo abafuna ukwenza okungaphezu kokuhlolwa okulula, le phrojekthi inikeza izindlela ezahlukene zokwenza sebenzisana ngenkuthalo ekuthuthukiseni i-Win8DEIndlela eqondile kakhulu yilena ejwayelekile ohlelweni lwe-GitHub: ukuvula izinkinga zokubika izinkinga, ukuphakamisa izici ezintsha, noma ukuthumela izicelo zokudonsa ngezinguquko ezithile kukhodi, imibhalo, noma izinsiza zezithombe.
Onjiniyela abanolwazi ku- izixhumanisi zesithombe, i-Wayland, noma ukuhlanganiswa nabaphathi bewindi Banganikeza ukulungiswa, bathuthukise ukuzinza, noma bandise ukuhambisana nabahlanganisi abengeziwe. Isibonelo, bangapholisha izinguquko zemenyu yokuqala, bathuthukise ama-OSD, noma balungise ukuziphatha kwesikrini sokukhiya ngokwezimo ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa.
Kodwa akudingeki ube ngumhleli wezinhlelo ukuze wengeze inani. Noma ubani angakwenza lokho. ukusiza ngokuhlola ukusatshalaliswa okuhlukene, ukuhumusha imibhalo, ukuthuthukisa umhlahlandlela wokufaka, noma ukuphakamisa imibono yokuklama okwenza indawo ifinyeleleke kalula kubasebenzisi abasha. Ngisho nokwabelana ngezithombe-skrini, izilungiselelo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso, noma izifundo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kusiza ukunikeza ukubonakala kwephrojekthi nokuheha abasebenzisi abasha.
Amandla angaphakathi esofthiwe yamahhala asho ukuthi Yonke iminikelo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ingase ibonakale incane kangakanani, ingaba nomthelela omkhulu kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabasebenzisi abaningi.I-Win8DE iseyiphrojekthi entsha futhi ehlala ishintsha, okwenza kube yindawo enhle yokufunda kokubili kumaphrofayili obuchwepheshe kanye nalabo abafuna ukuhlolisisa ukubambisana komphakathi mayelana nedeskithophu ye-Linux.
I-Win8DE isibe yisibonelo esimangalisayo sendlela Ukuhlanganiswa kokukhumbula izinto ezidlule, iWayland, kanye nomphakathi womthombo ovulekile kungaholela kokuhlangenwe nakho kwedeskithophu okuyingqayizivele kakhulu.Ngokudala kabusha ubuhle be-Windows 8 ku-Linux, iphrojekthi ayigcini nje ngokwanelisa labo abaphuthelwa yileyo interface, kodwa futhi inikeza abasunguli, abathuthukisi, kanye nabantu abanesifiso sokwazi ilebhu ephilayo yemibono yokufuduka kwabasebenzisi, ukwakheka kwe-UX yakudala, kanye nokuguqula izixhumi ezijwayelekile zibe amapulatifomu avulekile nawanamuhla.