Emhlabeni wokusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux, ukukhetha phakathi kwe-Linux Mint ne-Linux Mint Debian Edition (LMDE) kungenye yeziqhathaniso ezithakazelisa kakhulu zalabo abafuna okuhlangenwe nakho okulula, okuzinzile, nokusebenziseka kalula. Uma uthi nhlá, womabili amasistimu abonakala afana, kodwa kunomehluko oyisisekelo ongase ube nomthelela okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho kwansuku zonke kuye ngezidingo zakho, izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha, kanye nezintandokazi zakho zobuchwepheshe. Uma uke wangabaza phakathi kokufaka I-Linux Mint noma i-LMDE, lesi sihloko sizosusa konke ukungabaza kwakho.
Kuqonde ngqo ephuzwini: nansi ukuhlaziya okunemininingwane, okusesikhathini, nokuhlelekile kwakho Konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nama-flavour amabili e-Mint, okuhlanganisa umlando wayo, izinjongo, ukusebenza kwangaphakathi, nokusekelwa kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha, kanye nokubandakanyeka kwethimba lokuthuthukisa kanye nezici ezenza umehluko ngempela usuku nosuku. Zilungiselele ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi okufanele uyifake emshinini wakho noma uyincome kwabanye, futhi ugweme ukumangala okungadingekile!
Kungani kunezinguqulo ezimbili ze-Linux Mint?
I-Linux Mint yazalwa njengokusabalalisa okusekelwe ku-Ubuntu, idume ngokusebenziseka kalula kanye nomphakathi omkhulu, kodwa ithimba le-Mint lanquma eminyakeni edlule ukuthi liphinde lithuthukise a enye i-edishini esekelwe ku-Debian, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-LMDE (Linux Mint Debian Edition). Isizathu? Ikakhulukazi, ukuba "nohlelo B" uma ngabe Ubuntu buthatha izikhombisi-ndlela ezingaphephile noma ezingalungile, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwephrojekthi ye-Mint nokugcina ifilosofi yayo injalo noma ngabe kwenzekani endaweni ye-Linux.
Ngakho-ke, i-Linux Mint (eyinhloko) isebenzisa Ubuntu LTS njengesisekelo, kuyilapho i-LMDE ithembele kuyo I-Debian Stable. Nakuba umgomo oshiwo wethimba labathuthukisi bekungelona neze ukwenza i-LMDE inguqulo enconyiwe, baye baqinisekisa ukuthi bobabili bagcina ulwazi lomsebenzisi wesiginesha ye-Mint kanye nokuhambisana okusebenzayo.
Ukufana okuyinhloko phakathi kwe-Linux Mint ne-LMDE
- I-interface yomsebenzisi nokubukeka: Zombili izinhlelo zabelana nge-Cinnamon, indawo yesithombe evelele ye-Mint, kanye namatimu afanayo, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile (ama-XApp) nezinsiza zobunikazi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-Linux Mint itholakala ngamadeskithophu amathathu, kodwa inguqulo eyinhloko isebenzisa "Cinnamon."
- Izwa ngemva kokufaka kusukela ekuqaleni: Kokubili i-Mint ne-LMDE yakhelwe ukusebenza kahle kusukela ku-boot yokuqala, enezingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha eziningi ezibonwa ngokuzenzakalelayo nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile ezifakwe kuqala.
- Izibuyekezo kanye nefilosofi yokuzinza: Womabili amasistimu abeka phambili ukuqina, agwema ukweqa kwenguqulo okuyingozi noma izinguquko ezinkulu ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile.
Ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke, Kokubili kucishe kungabonakali kumsebenzisi ongawazi umehluko wezobuchwepheshe ofihliwe ngaphansi kwe-hood. Kodwa-ke, lo mehluko unganquma kuye ngephrofayela yomsebenzisi nomongo.
Umehluko wezobuchwepheshe: yini ngempela eshintshayo ngaphansi kobuso?
Isisekelo: Ubuntu LTS vs. Debian Stable
I-Classic Linux Mint incike ekukhishweni kwe-Ubuntu LTS, okusho ukuthi imijikelezo yokukhululwa ehleliwe, ukuhambisana nenani elikhulu lesofthiwe, ukusekelwa okwandisiwe kweminyaka emi-5, kanye nenqubomgomo yokuvuselela ihadiwe (i-kernel, abashayeli, i-Mesa). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-LMDE isebenzisa i-Debian Stable, enikeza ukukhishwa cishe njalo ngemva kweminyaka emibili futhi igxile ekuzinzeni nasekugwemeni noma yiziphi izinkinga zobuchwepheshe.
Kusho ukuthini lokhu? I-Mint ngokuvamile inokufinyelela okusheshayo kubuchwepheshe obusha behadiwe, kuyilapho i-LMDE ibeka phambili ukwethembeka. I-Debian Stable idume ngokulondolozwa kwayo: uma inguqulo isikhishiwe, izingxenye ezimbalwa ezishintshayo ngaphandle kwamapeshi okuvikela noma ukulungiswa kweziphazamisi ezibalulekile.
Amathuluzi okuphatha ezithombe
I-Linux Mint (Ubuntu) ihlanganisa izinsiza zayo zokuqhafaza njenge Umphathi we-Kernel kanye noMphathi Womshayeli, okukuvumela ukuthi ufake kalula ama-kernel amasha namashayeli aqondene nehadiwe. Lawa mathuluzi awekho ku-LMDE, ngoba ancike engqalasizinda ye-Ubuntu. Ku-LMDE, ukubuyekeza i-kernel noma ukufaka abashayeli bobunikazi kudinga ukusebenzisa i-Synaptic noma itheminali, okungaba isithiyo esincane kwabaqalayo.
Lokhu kubalulekile uma une-hardware yakamuva kakhulu (ihluzo, i-Wi-Fi, amaphrinta esimanje), njengoba i-Mint yenza lowo msebenzi ube lula kakhulu kune-LMDE.
Ukusekelwa kwe-Hardware: ingxabano yaphakade phakathi kwe-Debian ne-Ubuntu
Esinye sezizathu ezenza Ubuntu bunconywe kakhulu kwabaqalayo nabasebenzisi abane-hardware yakamuva ukwesekwa kwabo okusebenzayo kwamadivayisi amasha, sibonga ukufakwa kwabashayeli kanye nenqubomgomo yokuvuselelwa njalo kwesitaki sayo sehadiwe. Nakuba i-Debian ithuthuke kakhulu (ikakhulukazi kusukela kunguqulo 12, manje ehlanganisa abashayeli ababalulekile bokuphathelene), isathola "amaphakheji ashisayo" ngemva kwe-Ubuntu. Lokhu kuhumushela ku I-Mint ijwayele ukubona amadivayisi amaningi ngaphandle kwebhokisi. futhi ikuvumela ukuthi uzibuyekeze ngokushesha.
Isibonelo, amaphrinta e-HP amadala noma amakhadi e-Wi-Fi angajwayelekile angasebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ku-Linux Mint, kuyilapho ku-LMDE angase adinge izinyathelo ezengeziwe noma angase angabonwa ekuqaleni.
I-Kernel, umshayeli wezithombe, nezibuyekezo zohlelo lokusebenza
I-Mint, sibonga i-Ubuntu's HWE (Hardware Enablement Stack), ithola i-kernel kanye nezibuyekezo zomshayeli wezithombe njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha phakathi nomjikelezo we-LTS. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abasebenzisi njalo bajabulela ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza nokuhambisana kwehadiwe. Ukwengeza, ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifanele futhi zithola izinguqulo ezintsha kuyo yonke impilo yazo yokukhishwa.
Ku-LMDE, izingxenye ezibalulekile njenge-kernel ne-Mesa zihlala zifriziwe enguqulweni esethwe ngosuku lokukhishwa, ngaphandle kwamapeshi okuvikela abalulekile. Umsebenzisi angaphendukela kuma-backports (amakhosombe ezibuyekezo akhethwe ithimba le-Debian), kodwa okuhlangenwe nakho kusadla ngoludala kune-Mint evamile.
Enye inzuzo ye-LMDE ukuthi, usebenzisa i-Flatpak—futhi lokhu kuyasebenza naku-Mint—ungafinyelela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibuyekeziwe ngaphandle kokuncika kumakhosombe ayisisekelo, nakuba lokhu kungayixazululi inkinga yokubuyekeza sonke isitaki sezithombe.
Ukusekelwa kwama-PPA kanye nesoftware ekhethekile
Enye yezinto ezikhangayo ezinhle kakhulu ze-Ubuntu (futhi ngenxa yalokho ye-Mint eyinhloko) yiyona ukuhambisana nama-PPA adumile, okukuvumela ukuthi ufake kalula isofthiwe yomuntu wesithathu noma izinguqulo ezintsha kunalezo ezitholakala kumakhosombe ajwayelekile. Ku-LMDE—naku-Debian—lokhu akunconyiwe: nakuba amanye ama-PPA angase asebenze, ubungozi bokwephula ukuncika noma ukuzinza kwesistimu kuphezulu kakhulu.
Ubude bokusekela nezibuyekezo zokuphepha
I-Linux Mint ine Iminyaka engu-5 yokusekela sibonga Ubuntu LTS, enikeza ukuthula kwengqondo nezibuyekezo zesikhathi eside. I-LMDE inikeza ukusekelwa kuze kube cishe unyaka owodwa ngemva kokukhishwa kwenguqulo elandelayo, ngokuvamile okuba njalo ngemva kweminyaka emibili.. Empeleni, i-LMDE ivamise ukuba neminyaka emithathu yokusekelwa "okuvikelekile", nakuba kwezinye izimo kungase kube kuncane uma umjikelezo we-Debian ushintsha.
Uma kukhulunywa ngokuphepha kwephakheji, i-LMDE iyawina lapha: I-Debian ihlanganisa amaphakheji angaphezu kwe-58.000 ngaphansi kwesambulela sokuvuselela ukuphepha esiphethwe ngokuqondile ithimba layo lokulungisa, kuyilapho Ubuntu ibeka imingcele esekela kumaphakheji angaba ngu-7.000. Impela, umehluko uzobonakala kuphela uma uthembele kakhulu kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaphandle kwezidume kakhulu.
Ukuzinza nokuqina: iyiphi emelana nemithelela engcono?
Zombili lezi zinguqulo zizinzile kakhulu, kodwa i-LMDE yakhelwe phezu kwe-Debian Stable, eyaziwa ngokuthi iyinsika ezindaweni ezibucayi, okuhlanganisa amaseva namasistimu angakwazi ukukhokhela ukwehluleka. Izinguquko ezinkulu ku-Debian zincane futhi zihlolwe kahle, ngakho-ke ilungele labo abafuna ukuthula kwengqondo okuphelele kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuhlupheka okumbalwa.
I-Linux Mint, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izuza emphakathini omkhulu we-Ubuntu kanye nekhono layo lokuzivumelanisa ngokushesha ne-hardware yakamuva noma izinkinga zesofthiwe. Ukwengeza, izinkinga zixazululwa ngokushesha enguqulweni eyinhloko, njengoba igxilisa iningi labasebenzisi futhi iyindlela yeqembu eligxile kuyo.
Izisusa zokukhetha isistimu ngayinye: uyiyiphi iphrofayili?
Ungakhetha nini i-Linux Mint (Ubuntu)
- Uma une-hardware yakamuva, ufuna ukudlala ku-Linux, noma udinga ukufaka abashayeli bobunikazi kalula.
- Uncamela ukuzizwisa okulula okungakhona, okunamathuluzi ezithombe cishe ayo yonke into, kanye namathuba amancane okuphula isistimu ngenxa yamaphutha okwenziwa ngesandla.
- Ufuna ukufinyelela okusheshayo ezinguqulweni ezintsha zezinhlelo zokusebenza noma amathuluzi ngama-PPA, noma usebenzisa isofthiwe epakishwe Ubuntu kuphela.
- Uyakwazisa ukwesekwa kwesikhathi eside: nge-Mint, uqinisekisiwe izibuyekezo zeminyaka engu-5.
Ungakhetha nini i-LMDE (Debian)
- Uncamela ifilosofi ye-Debian kanye ne-ecosystem, ungumsebenzisi weseva noma unamanye amakhompyutha asebenzisa i-Debian, futhi uyakwazisa ukuhambisana kwesistimu ephelele.
- Ubeka phambili ukuzinza nokuphepha phezu kokuba nezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zakamuva noma izinhlelo zokusebenza.
- Awuwadingi amathuluzi wesithombe sika-Ubuntu futhi ukhululekile ukusebenzisa i-Synaptic noma itheminali ukuze ufake/uqaphe abashayeli nezibuyekezo.
- Awufuni ukuthembela ezinqumweni "zebhizinisi" zika-Ubuntu (njengokuphusha amaphakheji we-Snap) futhi ukhetha i-distro yomphakathi engu-100%.
- Ukhathazekile ngezinguquko ezinqala kusisekelo se-Ubuntu futhi ufuna isistimu engaphansi kokuhlolwa kwezentengiso noma izinqumo zokumaketha.
Kuthiwani ngezinkinga ezidumile zeCanonical ne-Snap?
Abasebenzisi abaningi be-Mint abazimisele ku-Ubuntu ngenxa yezinqumo ezithile zeCanonical, njengokugcizelela ekuthuthukiseni ifomethi yephakheji. Qhafaza -okuvinjwa yi-Mint ngokuzenzakalelayo- noma ngokuhlolwa okuhlulekile esikhathini esedlule njengesivumelwano ne-Amazon. Empeleni, ithimba le-Mint lihlehlise ngempumelelo cishe zonke izinguquko ezingathandwa ngu-Ubuntu, labeka phambili iFlatpak ngaphezu kwe-Snap futhi ligwema ukuhwebelana ngokweqile.
Nakuba kusenemininingwane emincane yefa engase ikhathaze ama-purists (isb., ukufakwa kwemilayezo emayelana no-Ubuntu Pro lapho kufakwa amafonti athile), lezi yizinkinga ezincane ezingathinti ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwansuku zonke.
Ukugxila kwethimba lokuthuthuka: lapho bebeka khona amandla abo
Ukuthuthukiswa okuyinhloko kwe-Mint kugxile ku-Ubuntu-based edition, okuyiyona esetshenziswa kakhulu (cishe ama-89% abasebenzisi). I-LMDE isekhona njengenye indlela esebenzayo nephelele, kodwa ithimba likubeke kwacaca ukuthi akukhona ukugxila kulo okuyinhloko, kodwa uhlobo "lohlelo lwezimo eziphuthumayo" lwezinguquko ezingaba khona ku-Ubuntu.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi iziphazamisi, izibuyekezo, nokuthuthukiswa kufika ngaphambi—noma ngemva—kwenguqulo eyinhloko. Ku-LMDE, ezinye iziphazamisi ezincane zingathatha isikhathi eside ukulungisa uma zincike kusisekelo se-Debian futhi zingaphathwa ngokuqondile ithimba le-Mint.
Izibuyekezo, imijikelezo yokukhishwa, neminyaka yokuphila
I-Mint ngokuvamile ikhipha inguqulo entsha esekelwe ku-Ubuntu LTS yakamuva njalo eminyakeni emibili, nokukhishwa okuncane phakathi kokuvuselela abashayeli nama-kernel. I-LMDE yenza into efanayo kodwa isekelwe ku-Debian Stable futhi ivamise ukukhishwa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemva kwe-Debian entsha.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ngemva kokufaka i-LMDE ISO, kubalulekile ukwenza isibuyekezo sesistimu sokuqala ukuze ulethe isistimu yakho enguqulweni yakamuva ngawo wonke amapheshana okuvikela we-Debian nokuthuthukiswa. Nakuba i-ISO ingase ibukeke "indala" kunenguqulo esunguliwe, uma isibuyekeziwe uzoba nesisekelo esiqine njengaleso se-Debian ehlanzekile.
Ukusebenza nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza
Empeleni, kokubili i-Mint ne-LMDE yenza ngokufana kakhulu, into eyinhloko i-Cinnamon kanye ne-Mint's suite yezinhlelo zokusebenza. Uma unekhompyutha endala kakhulu noma enesizotha, ukukhetha kwedeskithophu (i-Cinnamon, Mate, XFCE) kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu kunesisekelo sohlelo.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi i-Debian iyi-minimalist futhi iyalondoloza, i-LMDE ingase isebenzise izinsiza ezincane futhi isebenze kahle kumasistimu alinganiselwe kakhulu noma lawo ane-RAM encane.
Amacala angokoqobo: izibonelo zangempela
Ekuhlolweni kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezihlukene, womabili amasistimu abona kahle futhi alungiselele amadivayisi amaningi. Isibonelo, amaphrinta e-HP aneminyaka engaphezu kweshumi edlule ngokuvamile atholwa ngokuzenzakalelayo kukho kokubili i-Mint ne-LMDE, nakuba ezimweni ezithile (njengephrinta ye-laser ye-HP yakamuva) angasebenza kuphela "ekuzameni kokuqala" ku-Mint futhi adinge izinyathelo ezengeziwe ku-LMDE.
Ezokudlala, i-Mint ifaneleka kakhulu ukuthola okuningi kuyo, njengoba ingabuyekeza i-kernel kanye nesitaki sezithombe kalula, okubalulekile ekukhishweni kwegeyimu emisha noma izishayeli zezithombe zakamuva.
Uma isisusa sakho esiyinhloko siwukuzinza nokuthula kwengqondo, noma ukuhlanganiswa namanye amasistimu e-Debian (njengamaseva), i-LMDE iyinketho eqinile neqinile eqinisekisa indawo engaguquki, evikelekile, nengenazimanga.
Umbuzo wezibuyekezo: kungcono kakhulu?
I-LMDE inketho elondoloza kakhulu: izibuyekezo ezimbalwa, izinguquko ezingalindelekile ezimbalwa, namathuba aphansi okwehluleka ngenxa yezibuyekezo ezifika ngesikhathi. Ilungele i- abasebenzisi abakhetha isistimu "yokusetha futhi ukhohlwe".
I-Linux Mint inikezela ngezibuyekezo ezivame kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile, okwenza ifaneleke kakhudlwana kulabo abafuna ukuhlala benolwazi lwakamuva ngaphandle kokudela ukuzinza. Yebo, uma kuba noshintsho oluningi, makhulu amathuba okuba kube khona okungahambi kahle, nakuba ubungozi buhlala buphansi ngenxa yokuvuthwa kwephrojekthi kanye nomphakathi osekelayo.
Kuthiwani uma iCanonical ishintsha kakhulu Ubuntu? Ikusasa le-Mint ne-LMDE
Ithimba le-Mint likubhekisise kakhulu ukuvela kwe-Ubuntu, ikakhulukazi ekusetshenzisweni kabi okungaba khona kwamaphakheji e-Snap noma izinguquko ezinkulu ezingathinta ulwazi lwendabuko lwe-Mint. Nakuba inhloso kuwukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa Ubuntu okwamanje, i-LMDE isilungile njengenye indlela eyinhloko uma kwenzeka Ubuntu ungasafaneleki njengesisekelo. Okwamanje, ukuhlehlisa izinguquko ezingafuneki ku-Ubuntu kulula kunokuthumela konke ukuthuthukiswa kwayo ku-Debian, kodwa lokhu kungashintsha uma iCanonical yenza izinqumo ezingqubuzanayo.
Ngakho iyiphi okufanele uyifake?
Uma ufuna ubulula, ukuhambisana nezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zakamuva, ukufinyelela kubuchwepheshe bamuva, kanye nezithiyo ezimbalwa zokufaka isofthiwe engekho emthethweni, i-Linux Mint (Ubuntu LTS) ihlala iyisinqumo esinconyiwe kwabaningi. Uma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, okuhamba phambili kwakho kuwukuzinza okuphezulu, ukuphepha okunwetshiwe, ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izinhlelo ze-Debian, nokuthula kwengqondo kokuncika kancane ezinqumweni zeCanonical, i-LMDE iyisinqumo sakho.
Ayikho enye inketho ewukugxumela esikhaleni.: Bobabili bavuthiwe, basekelwa kahle umphakathi nethimba le-Mint, futhi babelana ngefilosofi efanayo nolwazi lomsebenzisi. Konke kuncike ezidingweni zakho nokuthi yini oyithanda kakhulu empilweni yakho yansuku zonke yamakhompiyutha.
Noma yini oyikhethayo, uzoqinisekiswa ngomuzwa we-Linux ophucuziwe, oqinile, futhi osebenziseka kalula, okwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zombili nabasebenzisi abafuna ngamandla. Hlaziya izinto eziza kuqala kuwe, buyekeza umehluko, futhi ungangabazi ukuzama kokubili ukuze ubone ukuthi yikuphi okufaneleka kangcono isitayela sakho nalokho okulindele.