Umphakathi wezokuphepha kanye nesofthiwe yamahhala uthola ukuhlaziywa okusha kwenye yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezigxile kakhulu ekuhlukaniseni imisebenzi. I-Qubes OS 4.3 Manje isiyatholakala njengenguqulo eqinile, ehambisana nohlu olubanzi lwezinguquko zobuchwepheshe, ukulungiswa kwamaphutha kanye nokulungiswa okuklanyelwe ukuqinisa ukuvikelwa ezinsongweni zanamuhla.
Lokhu kukhishwa kubhekwa njengokubuyekezwa okuphakathi nendawo ngaphakathi kwegatsha le-4.x, kodwa empeleni kumelela igxathu elikhulu kulabo abasebenzisa i-Qubes OS ezindaweni ezibucayi, kusukela kubantu abathuthukile kuya ezinhlanganweni zaseYurophu ezinezidingo eziqinile zobumfihlo. Izithombe ze-ISO namafayela okuqinisekisa Manje sezikulungele ukulandwa kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yephrojekthi.
Izici ezintsha ezibalulekile ze-Qubes OS 4.3
Enye yezinguquko ezibonakala kakhulu ezingeni lengqalasizinda ukuthi Isizinda se-dom0 sibuyekezwe ku-Fedora 41Lokhu kusho indawo yesimanje eyisisekelo, enamaphakheji akamuva kanye nomjikelezo wokusekela omude. Lokhu kuthutha kwenza kube lula kubasebenzisi baseYurophu abathembele kusofthiwe esesikhathini ukuqhubeka nokusebenza ngohlelo oluqinisiwe ngaphandle kokuyeka izinguqulo zakamuva zamathuluzi afakiwe.
Ngokuhambisanayo, i-hypervisor ye-Xen Ithuthukiswa ibe yinguqulo 4.19Ingxenye ebalulekile yemodeli yokuphepha ye-Qubes OS, ethembele ku-virtualization ukuze ihlukanise izinhlelo zokusebenza nedatha, lesi sibuyekezo se-hypervisor silethe ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza, ukulungiswa kobuthakathaka, kanye nesisekelo esiqinile sokusebenzisa imishini ebonakalayo kumakhompyutha edeskithophu nama-laptop asetshenziswa eSpain nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.
Amathempulethi azenzakalelayo asebenza njengesisekelo semishini ebonakalayo nawo athola ukuthuthukiswa kwenguqulo ebalulekile. Ithempulethi ejwayelekile ye-Fedora ibuyekeziwe ku-Fedora 42ngenkathi Ithempulethi eyinhloko kaDebian ithuthukiswa ibe yiDebian 13Kuzo zombili izimo, izinguqulo ezindala azisasekelwa ngaphakathi kwe-Qubes 4.3, okukhuthaza ukucushwa okusha ukuthi kwakhiwe ngokusatshalaliswa okugcinwe ngama-patches okuphepha akamuva.
Endaweni yokuphequlula okungaziwa kanye nobumfihlo, Amathempulethi e-Whonix Zibuyekezwe ku-Whonix 18Izinguqulo zangaphambilini azisasekelwa kuleli gatsha. Kubasebenzisi abasebenza ngobuntatheli obuphenyayo, ukuvikelwa kwababiki bezindaba, noma ukuhlaziywa kwezinsongo eYurophu, lolu shintsho lusiza ekugcineni indawo ihambisana kakhulu nokuzivikela kwakamuva kwephrojekthi ye-Whonix.
Phakathi kokuthuthuka kokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke, umqondo we "amadivayisi alayishwe ngaphambilini"Lesi sici sinciphisa isikhathi sokuqala kwemishini ebonakalayo elahlwayo. Senzelwe abasebenzisi abavame ukuvula ama-qubes esikhashana ukuze babuyekeze amafayela, izixhumanisi, noma izinamathiselo ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni uhlelo lwabo oluyinhloko, okwenza kube lula isipiliyoni ngenkathi begcina ukuhlukaniswa.
Enye intuthuko ephawulekayo kwezobuchwepheshe I-API yedivayisi entsha, egxile ekuzibonakaliseni okuhlukile kwehadiwe ngayinyeEsikhundleni sokuthembela kuphela ekubalweni okuvamile, uhlelo luzama ukwabela amadivayisi angokoqobo emishinini ebonakalayo ngendlela ehambisanayo nebikezelwayo, ewusizo kakhulu ezindaweni ezinama-adaptha amaningi, amakhadi, noma izinto ezixhunywe ngaphakathi, ezivame kakhulu emalabhorethri, ezikhungweni zokuphepha kwe-cyber, kanye naseminyango yezobuchwepheshe.
Endaweni yokuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo ze-Microsoft, Amathuluzi e-Qubes Windows aphinde afakwa kule nguqulo ngezici ezithuthukisiweLokhu kufaka phakathi ukwesekwa kwezinhlelo zamanje ze-Windows 10 ne-Windows 11 ezisebenza ngaphakathi kwezinhlelo ezizinikele. Lokhu kufanelekile kumabhizinisi aseYurophu kanye nochwepheshe abasathembele kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile ze-Windows kodwa abafuna ukuzigcina zigcinwe ezindaweni ezikude.
Landa futhi ufake i-Qubes OS 4.3
Labo abasondela kuphrojekthi okokuqala noma abafisa ukuqala kusukela ekuqaleni banesithombe esisemthethweni esitholakalayo. Indlela eqondile yokuqala nge-Qubes OS 4.3 ukuthi Landa i-ISO ekhasini lokulanda Kusuka kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni, landela umhlahlandlela wokufaka onemininingwane. I-wizard ikuvumela ukuthi ulungiselele uhlelo kumakhompyutha ahambisanayo, ngokuvamile lawo anokusekelwa kwe-hardware virtualization kanye ne-RAM eyanele.
Kubasebenzisi asebevele besebenza ne- Inguqulo ye-4.2Inqubo yokuthuthukisa esizeni inikezwaOkusho ukuthi, ngaphandle kokufaka kabusha kusukela ekuqaleni. Idokhumenti esemthethweni ichaza isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukuthi ungashintshela kanjani ku-4.3, kufaka phakathi izincomo zokubuyekeza amathempulethi kanye nemishini ezimele esefinyelele ekupheleni kwayo (i-EOL) ngaphakathi kwe-ecosystem ye-Qubes.
Labo ababezama ezinye I-Qubes 4.3 yokukhululwa (RC) Akudingeki baphinde inqubo yokufaka. Kulezi zimo, mane nje usebenzise izibuyekezo ezivamile usebenzisa amathuluzi akhelwe ngaphakathi ohlelweni, azovumelanisa imvelo nenguqulo yokugcina eqinile, uma nje noma yiziphi izifanekiso nama-qubes amakwe njengangasebenzi nawo abuyekezwa.
Kunoma yisiphi isimo, kusukela ekufudukeni kusuka ku-4.2 kuya ekufakweni okuhlanzekile, Le phrojekthi ngokwayo igcizelela ukubaluleka kokwenza isipele esiphelele Ngaphambi kokwenza izinguquko zenguqulo, ukusebenza kwe-Qubes OS okwakhelwe ngaphakathi kokusekelayo nokubuyisela kukuvumela ukuthi uthumele ukucushwa komshini obonakalayo kanye nedatha, kunciphisa umthelela uma kwenzeka inkinga ngesikhathi senqubo.
Izinkinga ezaziwayo kanye nokucabangela ubuchwepheshe
Njenganoma yikuphi ukuqaliswa okuyinkimbinkimbi, I-Qubes OS 4.3 ifika ihambisana nohlu lwezinkinga ezaziwayo. okuyinto ithimba eliyibhala esidlangalaleni. Elinye lamaphuzu afanele kakhulu lithinta amathempulethi abuyiselwe kusuka kuma-backups enziwe ezinguqulweni zangaphambi kuka-4.3, njengoba angase akhombe ezindaweni zokugcina zenguqulo yokuqala.
Uma lezi zifanekiso ezindala zingeniswa ohlelweni olubuyekeziwe, Inqubo eyengeziwe idinga ukwenziwa ku-dom0 ukuze kulungiswe izindawo zokugcina ukuze igatsha 4.3 bese iphoqa isibuyekezo esifanele. Idokhumenti ichaza umyalo okufanele usebenze ukuze uhlelo luthole ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi yimaphi amathempulethi adinga lokhu kulungiswa futhi lubuyekeze imithombo yawo yamaphakheji ngaphandle kokungenelela okuyinkimbinkimbi ngesandla.
Lokhu kuziphatha akukuthinti izikhungo ezintsha ze-Qubes 4.3 Futhi ayithinti labo abenza ukuthuthukiswa okuqondile kusuka ku-4.2 besebenzisa inqubo yokuthuthukiswa ebhalwe phansi endaweni, njengoba leyo ndlela yokufuduka ihlanganisa ukulungiswa kwendawo yokugcina njengengxenye yesinye sezigaba zayo. Ngakho-ke, umthelela ukhawulelwe kakhulu kulabo abakhetha ukubuyisela kusuka kuma-backups amadala.
Uhlu oluphelele lwe Amaphutha avulekile kanye nokungasebenzi kahle okuncane Igcinwa ohlelweni lokulandelela izinkinga zephrojekthi, olugcinwe endaweni yokuthuthukiswa komphakathi. Lapho, kungenzeka ukubheka izinkinga ezithile ezitholwe ku-4.3 kanye nesimo sazo sokuxazulula, okuwusizo kubaphathi kanye nochwepheshe be-IT abaphatha ukuthunyelwa kwe-Qubes OS ezinhlanganweni zaseYurophu.
Ukusekela kanye nomjikelezo wokuphila wenguqulo
Ngaphakathi kwenqubomgomo yokusekela yephrojekthi, I-Qubes OS 4.2 izoqhubeka nokuthola izibuyekezo zokuphepha kanye nokulungiswa izinyanga eziyisithupha kusukela ekukhishweni okusemthethweni kwenguqulo 4.3. Ngemva kwaleso sikhathi, ngeke isathola ama-patches, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi uhlele ukuthuthela kwakho egatsheni elisha kusenesikhathi ukuze ugcine izinga lokuvikelwa elanele.
Le ndlela ehlukaniswe ngezigaba ihlose ukwamukela abasebenzisi basemakhaya abathuthukile kanye amaqembu okuphepha kwe-inthanethi e-European Union okudingeka kuqinisekiswe inguqulo entsha ngaphambi kokwamukelwa ngobuningi. Phakathi nalezo zinyanga, womabili amagatsha angahlala ndawonye, ​​​​nakuba imizamo yokuthuthukisa kanye nokuthuthukiswa okusha kugxile endaweni engu-4.3.
I-Las Amathempulethi e-Whonix afakiwe ku-Qubes OS Banenqubomgomo ethile yokusekela esungulwe yiphrojekthi ye-Whonix uqobo, egcina ishejuli yayo yokuvuselela. Ukuze uthole ulwazi ngezinsuku zokuphela kokuphila, izinguqulo ezinconywayo, kanye noshintsho oluzayo oluya ezinhlelweni ezintsha, abathuthukisi babhekisela kumadokhumenti asemthethweni kanye neshejuli yokusekela yephrojekthi ehlobene.
Ngale nguqulo, i-Qubes OS 4.3 iziveza njengoshintsho olukhulu ochungechungeni lwe-4.x, ihlanganisa indawo yesimanje eyisisekelo, amathempulethi abuyekeziwe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuphathwa kwamadivayisi nezindawo ze-Windows, ukugcina njalo ukugxila ekuhlukaniseni imisebenzi kanye nokucaca ekuphathweni kwamaphutha kanye nokusekelwa, indlela eyaziswa kakhulu ezimweni zobungcweti nezidingayo eSpain nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.
