I-GTK 4.20 kulapha futhi iza njenge isibuyekezo sekhithi yamathuluzi eyinhloko ehambisana nephrojekthi ye-GNOME, enentuthuko ephawulekayo ku-Linux (ikakhulukazi i-Wayland) kanye ne-macOS, iWindows, ne-Android. Lokhu akuyona into encane: sikhuluma ngokufaka izinguquko kanye nokunikeza izinguquko, i-interface polish, ukufinyeleleka, namandla amasha evidiyo aphakamisa ibha yedeskithophu nezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula.
Ukukhishwa kwale nguqulo ezinzile kuza ngesikhathi somjikelezo wokukhishwa kwe-GNOME 49. Kugxilwe ekusebenzeni, ukuhambisana nolwazi lomsebenzisi: Ukusekelwa kwephrothokholi yesimanje e-Wayland, Vulkan kanye ne-OpenGL backend tweaks, ukuthuthukiswa kokuhlanganiswa kwe-macOS yomdabu, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Windows nokuthuthukiswa kwe-Android, kanye nezici ezintsha ezifana nemibuzo ye-CSS, ukunikezwa kwesithonjana esihle kakhulu, nokusekelwa kwe-YUV kuwijethi yevidiyo.
Okulethwa yi-GTK 4.20 kulesi sigaba esisha
Emnyombeni wesibuyekezo, I-Wayland ithola ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu ku-Linux, kuyilapho ukunikezwa kwe-Vulkan kuqiniswa ngokulungiswa kokhiye, ikakhulukazi ku-macOS. Ikhithi yamathuluzi izuza amandla kuvidiyo ngokusekelwa kwe-YUV, ihlanganisa imibuzo yemidiya ye-CSS ehlanganiswe nezikimu zemibala nokugqama, futhi ithuthukisa ukunikezwa kwezithonjana ezingokomfanekiso. Ngokuhambisanayo, incike kumaphothali wokuphathwa kweseshini, inweba amafomethi wokuthungwa kwezinhlelo eziningi nge-OpenGL, futhi ihambisana nentuthuko yokufinyeleleka kokokufaka nezingxoxo.
I-Wayland: Okokufaka Kwesimanje, Ukunyakaza, kanye Nezinqubo
I-GTK 4.20 yengeza usekelo lwe wl_seat v10, okuletha usekelo lokufakwayo olufinyelela kumaphrothokholi akamuva e-Wayland. Lokhu kuphumela ekuphathweni okuthembeke kakhulu kokukhomba, ikhibhodi, namadivayisi wokuthinta, okuvula indlela yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisabelayo kudeskithophu yesimanjemanje.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhithi yamathuluzi ihlanganisa i- Iphrothokholi yethebhulethi v2, izindaba ezinhle kakhulu kulabo abasebenzisa amaphilisi okubhala. Ukunemba komcimbi wepeni, ingcindezi, nezinkinobho ezithile zinakwa ngokuningiliziwe, kuzuzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zokudweba zobuciko nezobuchwepheshe.
Okunye ukuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo ukusekelwa kwe ukuphinda ukhiye ohlangothini lweseva, ethumela ukuphindaphinda okubalulekile kumqambi. Lokhu kugwema ukungqubuzana lapho ukugxila kushintshashintsha noma iklayenti lingaphansi komthwalo, futhi kufanelana nomklamo ka-Wayland wokuhlanganisa umqondo othile endaweni eyodwa kuseva yezithombe.
Ukufuduka kwemvelo nakho kuyanakwa: ukuphathwa kokuskrola kwemvelo kucushwe kahle, kunciphisa ukuguquguquka okungadingekile kanye nokweqa okungazelelwe kuma-touchpad namasondo okuskrola. Ukwengeza, ukuthuthukiswa kuyaphawulwa ekucutshungulweni komcimbi wokufakwayo nasekuphathweni kwesikali esiyingxenye, okusiza izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-GTK zibukeke zicijile futhi zizwakale zimanzi kuzibonisi eziminyana kakhulu.
Ukunikezwa kwe-GTK 4.20: I-Vulkan Eqine Kakhudlwana ne-OpenGL ene-Multiplanar Textures
Ohlangothini lwe-Vulkan, inguqulo 4.20 ifika nayo ukulungiswa okuqondene ne-macOS, ekhuluma ngezinkinga ezithinta i-backend kuleyo nkundla. Ngale kwalokhu kulungiswa okuhlosiwe, ukulungiswa okuhlukahlukene nokuthuthukiswa okuncane kusetshenziswe kukhodi ye-Vulkan yekhithi yamathuluzi, okuqinisa ukuqina kwayo kukonke.
I-OpenGL nayo ayisemuva kakhulu: ukusekelwa kwamafomethi wokuthungwa kwezinhlelo eziningi iyakhula, ivula umnyango wokugeleza komsebenzi wevidiyo osebenza kahle kakhudlwana futhi ihlanganise lapho isebenza namafomethi we-YUV kumaphayiphi ezithombe zefa noma eziyingxubevange. Kulabo abagcina ukuhambisana okubanzi nezinhlobonhlobo ze-hardware nabashayeli, lesi yisinyathelo esihlinzeka ngokuguquguquka.
Ividiyo: Ukusekelwa kwe-YUV kuwijethi yokudlala
Enye yezinto ezintsha ezigujwa kakhulu ukufakwa kwe Ukusekelwa kwe-YUV kuwijethi yokudlala ividiyoEmpeleni, lokhu kunciphisa ukuguqulwa kwemibala okumba eqolo, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza, futhi kwehlisa ukubambezeleka kuzidlali ze-multimedia nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlanganisa ividiyo eshunyekiwe. Konjiniyela bamathuluzi okudala nawokufundisa, lokhu kusho ukungqubuzana okuncane kanye nokuguquguquka okukhulu.
I-macOS: Ukulingana kwemvelo okwengeziwe kudeskithophu sibonga i-GTK 4.20
Ku-macOS, ngaphezu kokulungiswa okuhlobene ne-Vulkan, i-GTK 4.20 iyangeza ukwesekwa kwe-window snapping kanye nemenyu yewindi ephucuzeke kakhulu. Le mininingwane yomdabu yokuhlanganiswa ibonakala ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke: ukuziphatha okuhambisana kakhulu nokulindelwe ngabasebenzisi be-macOS kanye nezimanga ezimbalwa lapho ushintsha phakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Cocoa ne-GTK.
IWindows ne-Android: Izinkundla eziphambanayo zinikezwa kangcono
Ku-Windows, isibuyekezo siyalandela ukusebenza kahle ezindaweni ezixubile, ngentuthuko ehloselwe ukusebenzisana nesitaki sezithombe zesistimu (okuhlanganisa ukusebenzisana nobuchwepheshe obufana ne-DirectX). Ngentuthuko okufanele ibe khona kuyo yomibili imihlaba, lokhu kukhomba ukuzinza nokuncipha kokungqubuzana kokuthunyelwa.
I-Android iyaqhubeka nokuthola amandla. Nakuba ukwesekwa kwayo kukhula kancane kancane, I-GTK 4.20 iqinisa ubukhona bayo ku-ecosystem yeselula, okuvumela izingxenye eziningi zekhithi yamathuluzi ukuthi zisebenze ngendlela efanele kanye nokuhlola okungokoqobo kanye ne-prototyping. Lokhu kubhebhezela izifiso zenkundla ezazibonakala zikude kakhulu eminyakeni embalwa edlule.
Isixhumi esibonakalayo, i-CSS kanye nezimpawu: ukubumbana okubonakalayo ngokuningiliziwe
Ukunikezwa kwe imifanekiso engokomfanekiso ithuthukile, yehlisa ama-artifact kanye nokungahambisani kombala kukho kokubili amatimu akhanyayo namnyama. Kumadeskithophu asekela okuningi kobunikazi bawo kuzimpawu ezingaguquki, lokhu ukuthuthukiswa okucashile kodwa okwamukelekayo.
Fika futhi Imibuzo yemidiya ye-CSS Isikimu sombala nokuma kokuqhathanisa. NgesiNgisi esicacile: Izitayela zingasabela kuzilungiselelo zesistimu njengemodi emnyama noma izidingo zokugqama okuphezulu, okwenza kube lula ukulungisa i-UI ukuze ivumelane nokufinyeleleka okuthandwayo nezimfuneko ngaphandle kwezinkinga zokubhala amakhodi.
Umsebenzi ophakathi nawo uyashiwo ukuphambana kwemizila, iwusizo ekusebenzeni kwevekhtha eyinkimbinkimbi ekudwebeni imitapo yolwazi, isithonjana, noma amawijethi angokwezifiso. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuphawuleka kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezinezithombe ezinothile noma ukuxhumana okwenziwe ngezifiso kakhulu.
Ukufinyeleleka namafomu: okokufaka kanye nokukhethwa kwefayela
I-GTK 4.20 iyaqhubeka ne ukuthuthukiswa kokufinyeleleka ezinkambini zokufaka, izingxoxo zokukhetha ifayela, nezinye izingxenye. Izifundi zesikrini nobuchwepheshe obusizayo kufanele buzuze ezindimeni ezinembe kakhudlwana, izimo ezivezwa kangcono, kanye nokuzulazula okungabikezelwa—ukhiye wokuthobela imithetho, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, wokuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu akasali ngemuva.
Ukuphathwa kweseshini ngamaphothali
Olunye ushintsho lwamasu ukuthembela kulo izingosi zokuphathwa kweseshiniLokhu kuvumelanisa ukuziphatha phakathi kwama-sandbox (njenge-Flatpak) namasistimu omdabu, futhi kunikeza umsebenzisi nesistimu ukulawula okwengeziwe kuzimvume nezenzo ezibucayi, kunciphisa izimanga nokuthuthukisa ukuphepha.
Ungalanda kuphi i-GTK 4.20
Ukuhlola noma ukuhlanganisa inguqulo entsha, ikhithi yamathuluzi iyatholakala kokuthi I-GTK GitLab kanye ne-GTK.org, enemiyalo yokuhlanganisa, amaphakheji, kanye nemibhalo ebuyekeziwe. Kodwa-ke, kumsebenzisi wokugcina we-Linux, kungcono ukulinda ukusatshalaliswa kwawo ukuze akulayishe kumakhosombe asemthethweni. Labo abagcina ukusabalalisa noma izinhlelo zokusebenza kufanele babuyekeze amanothi ahambisanayo futhi bahlole ama-backend amasha nezindlela zokunikezela.
Umthelela konjiniyela kanye nokwamukelwa kwebhizinisi
Kulabo abagcina izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-GTK, inani elisheshayo Ifaka ukungena okuthembeke kakhudlwana ngaphansi kwe-Wayland, izindlela zokunikeza ezithuthukisiwe, nokuhlanganiswa kwenkundla okubushelelezi. Lokhu kunciphisa ukubambezeleka, kuvimbela amaphutha okubukwayo, futhi kunikeza ukuziphatha okungaguquki kuyo yonke i-Linux, i-macOS, iWindows, ne-Android.
Ezindaweni zezinkampani, ukusatshalaliswa okufana nalezo ze Isigqoko Esibomvu noma iCanonical Bangazuza emijikelezweni yokutholwa esheshayo kanye neziqephu ezimbalwa ze-ad hoc. Ikhithi yamathuluzi ezinzile futhi esebenza kahle ifinyeza indlela esuka embonweni iye ekusetshenzisweni futhi isiza ukuhlangabezana nokufinyeleleka nezimfuneko zedizayini ezisabelayo ngomzamo omncane.
Imikhakha efana amageyimu, i-multimedia noma into engekho ngokoqobo Ungase uqaphele umthelela wepayipi lezithombe eliqine kakhulu, ikakhulukazi njengoba ividiyo ye-YUV namafomethi anezinhlelo eziningi elingana kangcono kumapayipi okunikezwayo. Nakuba i-GTK ingeyona injini yegeyimu, i-UI nembondela yamathuluzi iyazuza kulezi zisekelo.
Ukubheka ikusasa: isu nokuncintisana
Lo mjikelezo uqinisa indlela yesu ecacile: thuthukisa ukunikezwa, qinisa ukuhlanganiswa kuzo zonke izinkundla ezibalulekile, futhi ugcine ukufinyeleleka nokuvumelana okubonakalayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye ezifana ne-Qt, lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuqinisa isikhalo se-GTK kubanikeli abasha namaqembu afuna isitaki samahhala nesisheshayo.
Ngemuva, kunezingxoxo mayelana nekusasa lekhithi yamathuluzi, okunezinkomba emaphephandabeni eziya ezinyathelweni zangaphambilini (njengalapho i-Vulkan yenziwe yaba yinto ezenzakalelayo ochungechungeni lwe-4.x) izinhlelo zesikhathi eside okuyinto ebhebhezela impikiswano ngokungagwemeki mayelana nokukhululwa okukhulu okulandelayo. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-4.20 inikeza iphakheji eqinile, elungele ukukhiqiza.
I-GTK 4.20 ihlanganisa ukweqa kudeskithophu yesimanjemanje: i-Wayland ethuthukisiwe, i-Vulkan ezinzile, i-OpenGL enokuthungwa kwe-multiplanar, ividiyo yomdabu ye-YUV, i-CSS ephendula imodi emnyama nokugqama, isithonjana esibukhali, ukufinyeleleka okuthuthukisiwe, nokulingana okungokwemvelo okwengeziwe kwezingxenyekazi ezingaphandle kwe-Linux. Ihlanganiswe ne-ecosystem ye-GNOME enempilo—nezinhlelo zokusebenza nemitapo yolwazi ethuthuka masonto onke—ikhithi yamathuluzi imi njengesisekelo esithembekile sokwakha izixhumanisi ezibukeka zizinhle, ezisebenza kangcono, futhi ezihlonipha izidingo zabo bonke abasebenzisi.